Ikhokelwa yiKomiti yeBhunga yeNkululeko kunye noxanduva lweNzululwazi (CFRS), esi sikhundla siphendula umdla okhulayo phakathi kwamalungu e-ISC kwiindlela zokuziphatha zenkxaso-mali yophando. Igxininisa kwindawo enye engundoqo apho inkqubela ebonakalayo nefikelelekayo inokwenzeka kubo bonke, ukusuka kubaphandi ngabanye ukuya koorhulumente: ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli kwindlela uphando oluxhaswa ngayo.
Inzululwazi ixhaswa ngemali yimithombo emininzi: oorhulumente, ishishini, ii-NGOs, kunye nesisa. Kule nkqubo intsonkothileyo, amakhonkco enkxaso-mali afihlakeleyo anokusetyenziswa ukugqwetha iziphumo zenzululwazi, ukulahlekisa uluntu, nokucinezela ubungqina. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi ngolo hlobo kubangela inkcazelo engachananga, konakalisa ukuthenjwa kwenzululwazi, yaye kunokwenzakalisa abantu nesijikelezi-langa.
Isikhundla esitsha se-ISC sifuna ukubekwa elubala okupheleleyo kwinkxaso-mali yophando njengendlela elula, engxamisekileyo, nesebenzayo yokuzikhusela kule mingcipheko. Ikwaqaqambisa ukuba ukukhusela inzululwazi luxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo olusekelwe kumalungelo oluntu. Xa inzululwazi ilawulwa, abantu bavinjwa ukufikelela kulwazi oluthembekileyo, kwaye oku kuthintela ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo komntu ilungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokuxhamla kwisayensi.
Isikhundla seBhunga lezeNzululwazi laMazwe ngaMazwe malunga nenkxaso-mali yophando elubala
Indlela yezenzululwazi ixhomekeke ekuvezweni, kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kunye nokuhlalutya, kwiikhonsepthi eziphambili, ubungqina, kunye nokungaqiniseki kwaye ijongelwa phantsi xa le nkqubo igqwethiwe okanye icinezelwe. Imali kunye neminye imidla yabaxhasi kunye nabaphandi banokukhokelela kwiingxabano zomdla kunye nokuphazamiseka okanye ukunyanzeliswa kweenkqubo zophando kunye neziphumo. Ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yeengxoxo zenzululwazi kunye nokuveliswa kolwazi, kubalulekile ukuba imithombo yenkxaso-mali yophando ibhengezwe esidlangalaleni. Inkxaso-mali yophando ngamashishini abucala, ngoorhulumente, imibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente kunye nemibutho yoncedo inokuthi ixhaswe ngoluhlu lwezinto ezinomdla ezinxulumene nezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko okanye iinjongo zeengcamango, ezinokuthi zinike umdla okhoyo kwisiphumo esithile sophando oluxhaswa ngemali. Ubukho bomdla onjalo abunakuphepheka. Inkohlakalo esi sikhundla sifuna ukuyilungisa kulapho abaxhasi ngezimali kunye nabaphandi bafuna ukuphembelela, ukuthomalalisa okanye ukukhohlisa iinkqubo zophando kunye neziphumo kwinkonzo yomdla onjalo.
Ishishini lale mihla lezenzululwazi lixhomekeke kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo yenkxaso-mali echaphazela icandelo likarhulumente (umz. amasebe karhulumente kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe), icandelo labucala (ushishino kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba abafumana inzuzo) kunye noluntu (umz. imithombo yesisa kunye neeNGO). Zonke ziqhuba iinguqulelo ezintsha kunye nokuxhasa inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ephucula kwaye ikhusele impilo-ntle yabantu kunye neplanethi. Nangona kunjalo, lonke uphando lwezenzululwazi lusemngciphekweni wokuguqulwa kunye nokuthambekela okuchaphazela abaxhasi ngemali kunye nabaphandi abanokuthi babe nefuthe elibi ekuchanekeni kunye neziphumo zoluntu. Imingcipheko yokukhohlisa kunye nokuthambekela iyathotywa xa imithombo yenkxaso-mali kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabaxhasi ngezimali kunye nabaphandi zivulelekile ukuba zihlolwe luluntu kunye noluntu lwezenzululwazi.
Kwezinye iimeko, abaxhasi bezimali abanamandla ngokwezimali abanomdla wezoqoqosho okanye ongeyozoqoqosho banokuxhasa ngokweqhinga izenzo ezididayo, ezichaza ngendlela engeyiyo, eziphazamisa okanye zijongele phantsi imvumelwano esele imiselwe ngokwenzululwazi yokuqhubela phambili loo midla. Ngale ndlela, inkxaso-mali yophando ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka esichengeni imfezeko kunye neziphumo zenzululwazi kunye nokusasaza ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye ne-disinformation.[1]
Kukho ulwazi olungelulo kunye neendlela zokungachazi, ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba "incwadi yokudlala", exhomekeke kubudlelwane phakathi kwabaxhasi kunye nabaphandi abafihliweyo kwimbono yoluntu. Basebenza, ngokuyinxenye, ngenxa yokuba uluntu lukhokelwa ukuba lukholelwe ukuba uphando olwenziwayo luveliswa ngokuzimeleyo kwezorhwebo okanye ezinye izinto ezinomdla okhethekileyo. Amaphulo achasene nesayensi eyenziwa yicuba, i-fossil, kunye nemizi-mveliso yezitshabalalisi ziimeko ezithile. iziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokunjalo, kukho ukuchasana nesayensi stock ngoorhulumente, baqhubela phambili iindidi ngeendidi zee-ajenda, ezifana nezo zinefuthe impilo kwaye yokusingqongileyo imigaqo-nkqubo. La maphulo ehlabathi ayaqhubeka, njengoko kwenza iinzame ezininzi ezincinci zokufihla ubungqina besayensi kuzo zonke iinkalo zenzululwazi kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwenkqubo yesayensi kujongela phantsi ukuthembela koluntu kwisayensi kwaye kunamandla okwenza umonakalo omkhulu kuluntu. Isisongelo sikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba iQonga lezoQoqosho leHlabathi Ingxelo yoMngcipheko yeHlabathi yowama-2025 dwelisa ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye ne-disinformation (ngokubanzi, nangaphaya kommandla wesayensi) njengomngcipheko ophezulu wexesha elifutshane kuphuhliso lwabantu kule minyaka mibini izayo - phambi kweziganeko zemozulu ezimbi kunye nongquzulwano oluxhobileyo - kwaye njengenye kuphela kwimingcipheko ye-5 ephezulu kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo engahambelani nokuwohloka kwendalo.
Ii-ISC's Imigaqo yeNkululeko kunye noxanduva lweNzululwazi kugxininise uxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo kuyo yonke inkqubo yenzululwazi yehlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphando lwezenzululwazi, idatha, kunye neziphumo zikhululekile kwiimpembelelo ezimbi ezivela ngenxa yezemali kunye nolunye ungquzulwano lomdla olukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kophando lwezenzululwazi. Ukuvumela inzululwazi ukuba isetyenziselwe ukusasaza ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye ne-disinformation kumele ukusilela kwale migaqo, ebeka emngciphekweni wobuxoki, elahlekisayo, kunye neziphumo eziyingozi. Ngokusisiseko, oku kujongela phantsi ukuma kunye nendima ye isayensi njengento yoluntu jikelele – ulwazi olungachanekanga alunakuba sisixhobo esiluncedo. Njengoko kwaphawulwa ngo-2024 ingxelo kwiBhunga lamaLungelo oLuntu le-UN nguMchwethezi oKhethekileyo kwicala lamalungelo enkcubeko, ukuguqulwa kobungqina benzululwazi, idatha, kunye nokuvumelana kulwazi olungelulo kunye namaphulo olwazi olungekho ngqiqweni lukwabonisa ukophulwa kwemithetho emandla. ilungelo lokuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokuxhamla kwisayensi ngokuthintela uluntu ekufumaneni inkcazelo echanileyo yenzululwazi nasekuyisebenziseni ngeendlela eziyingenelo.
Ngo-2022 uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN wakhupha ingxelo, Ukuchasana ne-Disinformation, efuna utyalo-mali kwidabi lokulwa ne-disinformation. Zininzi izixhobo ezikhoyo zokunceda ukulwa ulwazi olungeyonyani kunye ne-disinformation, kodwa enye indlela elula ethelekisekayo nengaphikisaniyo uluntu lwenzululwazi lubekwe kakuhle ukuba luyithathe ngokubanzi kwaye ngoko nangoko lugxininisa elubala kuyo yonke imithombo yenkxaso-mali yophando, nokuba iphuma phi na. Ukwenziwa kwezinto elubala ngenkxaso-mali, ngeli lixa ingesiso isisombululo esipheleleyo, linyathelo lokuqala elilula lokuthomalalisa ulwazi olungelulo lwenzululwazi kunye namaphulo okusasaza ulwazi. Ukungafihlisi akuthethi nakuphi na ukuncitshiswa kwenkxaso-mali, kwaye imibutho sele inalo lonke ulwazi olufunekayo olukhoyo. Ke ngoko, iindleko zokuphumeza ukungafihli ziqhelekile, ngelixa imbuyekezo inokuba phezulu-ukunyuswa kokusebenza kwezenzululwazi kunye nokuthembela kwisayensi, enceda uluntu.
Uluntu lwenzululwazi yehlabathi - kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukusuka kubantu ukuya kumaziko kunye noorhulumente - lunoxanduva olucacileyo lokugcina nokwandisa ukungafihli kuyo yonke imithombo yenkxaso-mali yophando. Olu xanduva luye lwangxamiseka ngakumbi njengoko ukwehla kwenkxaso-mali karhulumente kuye kwatyhala iidyunivesithi namanye amaziko ophando, umzekelo, ukuba asebenzise iindlela zoshishino ezingakumbi, eziquka ukufumana inkxaso-mali yecandelo labucala. Olu tshintsho luhlala lusenzeka ngoqwalaselo oluncinci okanye lungabikho elubala.
I-ISC ibambe ukuba ukufihlwa kwenkxaso-mali yophando jikelele yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezenzo zenzululwazi ezinoxanduva kunye nomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela ngokuchasene nokuthotywa kwemfezeko yophando kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi olungeyonyani kunye nobuxoki. I-ISC icebisa ukuba:
[1] I-ISC ilandela i Ukuqonda kwe-UN ye-mis- kunye ne-disinformation, apho ulwazi olungelulo lubhekiselele ekusasazweni obekungalindelekanga kolwazi olungachanekanga ngelixa ulwazi olungachananga lujoliswe ekuqhatheni.
Umfanekiso nge micheile henderson on Unsplash
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