Imibutho yezeNzululwazi kwixesha ledijithali

Kwi-2022, i-Secretariat yeBhunga leSayensi yeZizwe ngezizwe (ISC) yaqalisa uhambo oluguqukileyo lwedijithali. Eli nyathelo livele ekuqondeni imfuno engxamisekileyo yokubandakanya, umbutho wamalungu ojolise kwihlabathi ukuziqhelanisa neenguqu zedijithali ezilungisa ngokutsha ubomi bethu bobugcisa, ulonwabo, kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla kuluntu olwahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Iqale yathathwa njengomsebenzi weqela lonxibelelwano elijolise ekwandiseni izakhono zedijithali ze-ISC kunye nomthamo, iprojekthi yavela ngokukhawuleza ukuze igxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba lula ukuziqhelanisa nemeko yedijithali ehlala itshintsha. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-ISC yazama ukubandakanya amaLungu ayo kolu hambo, iqonda ukuba amandla e-ISC adityaniswe ngokoqobo nokomelela kobulungu bayo. Uvavanyo loBulungu lukhokelele ekuchongeni izifundo ezininzi ezifanelekileyo apho okufundiweyo kunye nohambo lwaMalungu e-ISC kunokwabelwana ngako nabanye.

Le ngxelo igocagoca kwingqikelelo eneenkalo ezininzi 'yedijithali' – igama eliye lavela ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, liphembelela imiba yobuchwepheshe neyenkcubeko yemibutho. Uphononongo lwe-ISC luqala ngombuzo osisiseko: Ithetha ntoni 'idijithali' kumxholo wemibutho yesayensi? Lo mbuzo wabuzwa kwiqela elahlukileyo labasebenzi kunye namaLungu ngexesha leendibano zocweyo ze-ISC ngasekupheleni kuka-2022, okubangele ukutolika okususela kusetyenziso lwezixhobo ze-intanethi zoqhagamshelwano oluphuculweyo, ukuya kumbono obanzi, oquka konke wedijithali njengento ebalulekileyo ephila kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Kolu xwebhu, samkela imbono yamva, esenza ukuba kuhlolwe intaphane yeendlela apho idijithali ilungisa kwakhona imisebenzi kunye neendlela zaMalungu e-ISC kunye namaQumrhu aManyano. I-ISC igxininise kwimpembelelo yenguqu yobuchwepheshe bedijithali kwimibutho yezenzululwazi, iqaqambisa zombini amathuba kunye nemingeni evezwa koku.

Okuphambili kwezi ziphumo luphando olwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-2023 ukusuka kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yoBulungu be-ISC, kubandakanywa amaziko emfundo esizwe, imibutho yabasebenzi kunye namaQumrhu aManyano. Uphando alwenziwanga njengophononongo olungqongqo lwezenzululwazi kodwa endaweni yokulinganisa ukudibana kwedijithali kunye nobuchule baMalungu e-ISC. Ibonelele ngeqonga lokuchonga aMalungu aneziphumo okanye amagqabantshintshi anika umdla, abathi ke emva koko badliwano-ndlebe ukuze bafumane ulwazi oluthe kratya. Olu dliwano-ndlebe lwafikelela kuvuthondaba ngokunikezelwa kwezifundo-nzulu kwiNtlanganiso yaMalungu yeSigaba esiPhakathi se-ISC ngoMeyi ka-2023.

Uphononongo lwezifundo ezithiwe thaca kule ngxelo lububungqina bobuchule obutsha bedijithali obuqashwe ngamaLungu e-ISC. Babonisa indlela idijithali enokuthi isetyenziswe ngayo ukudala uxhulumaniso olunzulu, ukuvelisa ixabiso ngeendlela ezintsha kunye nokuguqula izakhiwo zentlangano kunye neemodeli zokusebenza. Ukusuka kwiRoyal Society's Search Engine Optimization (SEO)isicwangciso esijolise kumxholo ukuya kwiGlobal Young Academy's member-centric approach, ezi ngcinga zibonelela ngombono we-digital landscape ngaphakathi kwemibutho yezenzululwazi.

Le ngxelo iphonononga iinkalo eziphambili zamathuba - ukudala uxhulumaniso olunzulu lwedijithali, ukuvelisa ixabiso elitsha kunye nemizekelo yombutho ophuhlayo - kwaye ijolise ekukhuthazeni Amalungu e-ISC kunye neminye imibutho yesayensi kwiihambo zabo zenguqu yedijithali. Iphonononga indlela yokwenza idijithali kungekuphela nje malunga nokwamkela itekhnoloji entsha kodwa malunga nokwamkela utshintsho lwenkcubeko oluchaza ngokutsha indlela uluntu lwenzululwazi olunxibelelana ngayo, ukusebenzisana kunye nokudala ixabiso.

I-ISC ingathanda ukuqhubeka nale ncoko kunye namaLungu ayo kulo lonke u-2024 nangaphaya, njengoko iqhuba ukuqhuma kwemizekelo yolwimi olukhulu kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuvelisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kunye namathuba kunye nezoyikiso abazibonisayo, kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye kuluntu ngokubanzi.

I-ISC idlulisa umbulelo ongazenzisiyo kuwo onke amaLungu athe athatha inxaxheba kuphando kwaye abe negalelo kuphononongo lwezifundo. Ukuqonda kunye namava abo asisiseko sale ngxelo, ebonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kwiihambo zedijithali zemibutho yesayensi.
Ndikwadlulisa umbulelo ku Zhenya Tsoy, IGosa eliPhezulu lezoNxibelelwano lwe-ISC kunye noMkhokheli weDijithali owayenombono wokuvula incoko noNick Scott, oye wakhokela le ngxoxo kunye.

Olu xwebhu lwenziwa ukuba lube ngumthombo wenkuthazo kunye nesikhokelo kuMalungu e-ISC kunye neminye imibutho yezenzululwazi njengoko iqhubeka nokukhula kwaye iphumelela kwixesha ledijithali.

UAlison Meston
UMlawuli wezoNxibelelwano
IBhunga lezeNzululwazi laMazwe ngaMazwe

Ukuphendula kwizoyikiso ezibalulekileyo uluntu olujongene nazo, imibutho yezenzululwazi kufuneka yomelele kwaye ibe lula ukuqinisekisa ukuba isayensi yomelele kwaye ifanelekile. Kodwa ubume, ububanzi kunye nobubanzi bokuba yintoni umbutho kwaye iyatshintsha njengoko itekhnoloji kunye nenkcubeko zitshintsha. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwixesha ledijithali.

Ngoko ke-ithetha ukuthini 'idijithali'? Xa lo mbuzo wabuzwa kubasebenzi kunye naMalungu kwiworkshop ye-ISC ngasekupheleni kuka-2022, uluvo lwahlulwa phakathi kweengcaciso ezimbini:

• Idijithali imalunga nokufikeleleka kwi-intanethi Kuthetha ukusebenzisa izixhobo ze-intanethi ukudibanisa, ukunxibelelana, ukubandakanya, ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nokusebenzisana.
• Idijithali yindlela esiphila ngayo kwinkulungwane yama-21 Iquka konke. Ayinxulumananga nokuba kwi-intanethi kodwa ibandakanya ubomi kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu kunye/okanye oomatshini.

Asinto ingaqhelekanga ukufumanisa ukuba akukho ukuqondana ngokufanayo kwegama elithi 'digital'; intsingiselo itshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhomekeke kumxholo kunye namava kunye neembono zomntu ngamnye. Umzekelo, 'utshintsho lwedijithali' ngumxholo ogxininise kakhulu kwihlabathi leshishini kodwa unokusetyenziswa ukuchaza yonke into ukusuka kutshintsho oluncinci - njengokwenza iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezintsha - ukuya kuhlengahlengiso oluthe kratya lwemisebenzi yenkampani, iinkcubeko kunye neemveliso ukuthatha ithuba. yetekhnoloji yedijithali.

Olu xwebhu, luphuhliselwe uBulungu be-ISC kunye namaQumrhu aManyano nayo, luya kusebenzisa ngokubanzi inkcazo yokugqibela: kucingelwa ukuba 'idijithali yindlela esiphila ngayo kwinkulungwane yama-21'. Kuya kujonga ukuba zingaphi iinkalo zento eyenziwa ngaMalungu e-ISC - kunye nendlela ayenza ngayo - iyatshintsha kwixesha ledijithali, kunye namathuba kunye nemingeni ezo zinguqu zidala.

Injongo yale ngxelo kukunika inkuthazo kunye nesikhokelo kuMalungu e-ISC kunye neminye imibutho yesayensi njengoko beqhubela phambili kwiihambo zabo zokuguqulwa kwedijithali, nangona kunjalo bakhetha ukuchaza igama elithi 'digital'.

Olu xwebhu lubandakanya iziphumo zophando lwe-intanethi lwaMalungu e-ISC. Uphando lwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-2023 kwaye lubandakanya iimpendulo ze-44 ezivela kumaziko emfundo yesizwe, imibutho yabasebenzi, amalungu adibeneyo kunye namaqumrhu anoonobhala behlabathi lonke (i-47 ekhulwini eYurophu). Abaphenduli bahluka ngobukhulu obuvela kwimibutho emincinci yamavolontiya kuphela (iimpendulo ze-4) kunye nalabo abanamalungu angaphantsi kwe-25 (iimpendulo ze-18) kwimibutho emikhulu enamalungu angaphezu kwe-200 (iimpendulo ze-15).

Abaphenduli ikakhulu babe ngabaphathi (iimpendulo ze-17) okanye kunxibelelwano okanye ezinye iindima zenkxaso (iimpendulo ze-12). Ukugqitywa kovavanyo kuye kwakhethwa ukungena.

Uphando lwenziwe kungekhona njengomsebenzi wenzululwazi, kodwa ukunika i-barometer yokuqala yento eyenziwa ngaMalungu e-ISC kwidijithali kunye nendlela abavakalelwa ngayo malunga nomthamo wabo wombutho xa kuziwa ekufakeni idijithali kwisicwangciso sabo sombutho.

I-ISC ijolise ekuchongeni amaLungu anike iziphumo ezinomdla okanye anike amagqabaza anengqiqo ekunokuthi emva koko kwenziwe udliwano-ndlebe ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya kunye nokunikelwa kwiNtlanganiso yamaLungu eSithuba esiPhakathi se-ISC ngoMeyi ka-2023. amagqabantshintshi amatyala abo.

Uninzi lwaMalungu e-ISC aphendule kwisaveyi baziva 'baqhubela phambili' kwidijithali (umzobo 1). La maLungu abona idijithali njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sabo kodwa abazange bayifake kuyo yonke into abayenzayo. Nangona betyala imali kwitekhnoloji kwaye bephuhlisa izakhono zabo, baziva ngathi basenayo indlela yokuhamba kuhambo lwabo lwedijithali.

Kukho iindawo ezintathu ezibanzi zamathuba kwimibutho yesayensi:

1. Ukudala unxibelelwano lwedijithali ngakumbi nanzulu kunye namalungu, abanye abachaphazelekayo okanye abaphulaphuli.
2. Ukudala ixabiso ngeendlela ezintsha, kwaye ukwenza oko ngokukhawuleza.
3. Ukutshintsha izakhono, izakhiwo zentlangano kunye neemodeli zokusebenza ukufezekisa iinjongo ezintsha okanye ezahlukeneyo.

Le ngxelo iya kujonga nganye ngokulandelelana, ichaza umxholo kunye nokufaneleka kwendawo nganye kuMalungu e-ISC, iphonononga iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ezivela kuphando kwaye ibonise imizekelo yophando lwaMalungu e-ISC ebesebenza ukufezekisa la mathuba.

Ubudala bedijithali buhlala bunamandla okuguqula indlela imibutho - kuquka namaLungu e-ISC - adibanisa nabantu: amalungu abo, abaphulaphuli, abachaphazelekayo, abasebenzi kunye nangaphezulu.

kwihlabathi lenyama, kusoloko kukho urhwebo phakathi kokufikelela kunye nobutyebi: ukufikelela kubantu abaninzi kubeka esichengeni ubutyebi, ubunzulu nobunzulu bamava abo. [1] Umzekelo omhle yinkomfa yenzululwazi yobuqu, apho ukufikelela kunqongophele, kodwa amava anzulu kwaye atyebile (oko kukuthi aphucukile kwaye akumgangatho ophezulu).

Kwihlabathi ledijithali, nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho luguqukayo. Ukufikelela kwintlangano kunokwandiswa ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho womxholo kunye namava. Ngapha koko, ukukwazi ukwenza amava awodwa kunye natyebileyo kunokusebenza ukunika imibutho ukufikelela ngakumbi.²
Ii-injini zokukhangela kwi-Intanethi zivuza umxholo otyebileyo nowodwa ngakumbi, uwunikela kubantu abaninzi kwaye wandise ukufikelela kwawo.³ E-United Kingdom, iRoyal Society, idale inkqubo yonke yokusebenzisa le nto, ukudala umxholo ocebileyo olungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukutsala abaphulaphuli abatsha ngokujolisa kakhulu amagama angundoqo e-Google (i-case study 1).

Ukufikelela okongeziweyo komxholo otyebileyo akupheli ngokukwazi ukuba kubekwe phezulu kwiziphumo zenjini yokukhangela; xa izazinzulu kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba bebona umxholo obhenela kwizinto abazithandayo, banokubelana ngazo kunye neenethiwekhi zabo ze-intanethi, nge-LinkedIn, i-Academia.edu okanye i-ResearchGate, umzekelo. Ezi ndawo zothungelwano lwezemfundo kunye nabapapashi bezentengiso bezentengiselwano bakhulisa unxibelelwano lwabo ngogcino-lwazi olubanzi lwedijithali, ukubonelela izazinzulu ngokufikelela kunye nobutyebi bomxholo.

Iingxelo:

1. Evans, P. kunye neWurster, TS (2000). 'Ibethelwa ngamasuntswana: Indlela uqoqosho olutsha lolwazi oluguqula ngayo iqhinga', iHarvard Business Press, 1 kaJanuwari. Ifumaneka e: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2000/strategy-technologydigital-blown-to-bits
2. Evans, P. kunye neWurster, TS (2000). 'Ibethelwa ngamasuntswana: Indlela uqoqosho olutsha lolwazi oluguqula ngayo iqhinga', iHarvard Business Press, 1 kaJanuwari. Ifumaneka e: https://www.bcg.com/publications/2000/strategy-technologydigital-blown-to-bits
3. I-Google (nd) i-Engine Optimization (SEO) iSikhokelo sokuQala - Uncedo lukaGoogle. Ifumaneka e: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/7451184?hl=en/

'Siza kufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababanzi kwaye sibe nefuthe kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu
ngokwenza umxholo olungiselelwe ngokukodwa uGoogle'.

IRoyal Society liziko elikhulu nelintsonkothileyo. Iziphumo zayo zihamba ngeejenali, izibonelelo zenzululwazi, umsebenzi womgaqo-nkqubo, iinkqubo zoshishino, izixhobo zesikolo kunye nemisitho yothethathethwano noluntu.

Umceli mngeni

Ngoluhlu olubanzi olunjalo lweziphumo, iwebhusayithi yeRoyal Society kufuneka ikhonze abantu abahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuvumela iindwendwe ukuba zifumane ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba lo mxholo ubonakala kwiinjini zokukhangela ngumngeni.

Iprojekthi yokuguqulwa kwewebhusayithi

Iprojekthi yokuguqulwa kwewebhusayithi yeRoyal Society ihlaziye uyilo lwesiza kwaye yaphucula ukuthegiswa kwe-backend yomxholo. Oku kuvumela ukuvela kolwazi olutyebileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye kuvumela iinjini zokukhangela ukuba zincome ngcono umxholo osekelwe kwindlela yokuziphatha kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo.

Amacebo

• Uthethathethwano nabachaphazelekayo: IRoyal Society iqhube udliwano-ndlebe nabachaphazelekayo bangaphakathi nangaphandle ukucokisa ukukhangelwa kwewebhusayithi. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zanceda ukucacisa iindawo zokuphikisana, ekugqibeleni zikhokelela kuyilo olutsha lwewebhu.
• Izigqibo eziqhutywe ngohlalutyo: I-Royal Society isebenzise izixhobo zokuhlalutya ukuvavanya ukuhamba kweendwendwe kunye nendlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo namacandelo ahlukeneyo ewebhusayithi, ukuxhasa ukuphuhliswa koyilo olusebenzayo, olusebenziseka lula.
• I-SEO kunye nokuzibandakanya koluntu: Ngaphambi kokuba iprojekthi yenguqu yangoku iqale, iRoyal Society yaqaphela ukuba i-60 yepesenti ye-web traffic ivela kuGoogle organic search. Oku kugxininise ukubaluleka kwe-SEO - inkqubo yokulungelelanisa umxholo kunye nesakhiwo sesayithi ukuphucula umgangatho wephepha kwiinjini zokukhangela ezifana neGoogle. Ukuphucula i-SEO, iRoyal Society ngoku isebenzisa ifomati yombuzo kunye neempendulo kumaphepha engxelo yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nolwazi oluphambili kwizihloko ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Imibuzo ekula maphepha ilinganisa iintlobo zemibuzo edla ngokuchwethezwa ngabantu kwiinjini zokukhangela. Ngokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo le mibuzo kunye nokubandakanya uphando lwegama elingundoqo, umxholo ubonelela ngokunyanisekileyo kwiimfuno zabasebenzisi kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwayo - kunye nomxholo weRoyal Society ukhethwa njenge-Google 'snippet evezwe' phezulu kumaphepha eenjini zokukhangela kwizihloko ezithile.

Impembelelo

Uhlalutyo lwewebhusayithi lubonisa ukuba umsebenzi owenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwindawo yonyuse i-traffic kwaye ixhasa umbono woluntu weRoyal Society, ngakumbi ngokwenza umxholo olungiselelwe ngokukodwa uGoogle. Xa iwebhusayithi ehlaziywe ngokupheleleyo isungulwa ngo-2024, kuyathenjwa ukuba oku kuya kwandisa ukufikelela. Nangona ukulinganisa impembelelo ebonakalayo kungumngeni, ukwazisa uluntu kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi lwezenzululwazi ngewebhusayithi yinjongo ebalulekileyo.

Iinkxalabo ezisebenzayo malunga nokufikelela kwi-Intanethi kunye nokufumaneka azisekho njengombindi, njengoko kunokucingelwa ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kuba nofikelelo lwe-Intanethi ngesantya esifanelekileyo, naphi na apho bakhoyo kwaye nanini na bavula isixhobo sabo. Ukuqala kobhubhani we-COVID-19 kuye kwakhawulezisa oku, njengoko umnxeba wevidiyo waba yeyona nto iphambili kunxibelelwano lomntu kunye nentsebenziswano yobuchwephesha.⁴ Nge-AI, nemiqobo yolwimi inokoyiswa, kwaye abantu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo banokuqhagamshela kwaye bancokole ngendlela engenamthungo.⁵

Kunokuba isantya okanye ukufikelela, Umxholo kunye nokubandakanywa ngoku kukunika ingqalelo kwimibutho yesayensi enqwenela ukudibanisa nabantu ngedijithali.

Yintoni umntu okhangela kwifowuni yakhe ngelixa ebukele iTV enokufuna ukuyenza yahluke kakhulu kwisazinzulu okanye umenzi womgaqo-nkqubo usebenzisa i-iPad yakhe kwinkomfa yesayensi. Isixhobo kunye neetshaneli abazisebenzisayo zikwafanelekile - njengazo zingekhoyo.⁶

Ukuqukwa kubalulekile: njengoko imibutho inxibelelana nabantu abaninzi abahlukeneyo, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo imvelaphi yabaphulaphuli, iinkcubeko, iilwimi, amanqanaba ezakhono zedijithali nokunye.⁷ Kwimibutho yezenzululwazi, ukubandakanywa kukwathetha ukucinga ngobomi kunye nokuziphatha koosonzululwazi abafuna ukufikelela kubo, kunye nokuyila amava edijithali kunye neemveliso ngendlela esebenza kubo. Indlela yeGlobal Young Academy ngumzekelo obalaseleyo: bahamba umgama omde beqonda amava amalungu abo kwaye bakhe kwiimpawu ezihlonela ixesha labo, imikhwa kunye nobomi babo - kuquka ukucinga nzima malunga nendlela yokugcina ixesha lotyalo-mali liphantsi kangangoko (imeko isifundo 2).

Ucaphulo:

4. UColleen McClain, uEmily A. Vogels, uAndrew Perrin, uStella Sechopoulos noLee Rainie. (2021). 'I-Intanethi kunye nobhubhane', IPew Research Center, (1 Septemba). Ifumaneka e: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/09/01/ i-intanethi-kunye-nobhubhane/
5. Jiao, W., Wang, W., Huang, J., Wang, X. kunye noTu, Z. (2023). 'Ngaba iChatGPT ngumguquleli olungileyo? Ewe nge-GPT-4 njengenjini ', arXiv preprint, arXiv:2301.08745. doi: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.08745
6. Boag, P. (2016). 'Ukuyila ngomxholo womsebenzisi engqondweni', Shopify blog, 17 March.
   Kufumaneka kwi: https://www.shopify.com/partners/blog/97802374-designing-with-the-users-context-in-mind
7. Westwater, H. (2021). 'Ukufakwa kwedijithali: Yintoni kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?' Enkulu Umba, (6 Disemba).
   Kufumaneka kwi: https://www.bigissue.com/news/social-justice/digital-inclusion-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-important

'Sigxile kwinto esinokuyenzela amalungu
kunokuba sifune nje le nto siyifunayo kubo'.

IGlobal Young Academy inika ilizwi koosonzululwazi abancinci kunye nabaphandi kwihlabathi liphela, ikhuthaza unxibelelwano kunye nokunceda ukukhula kwabo kobungcali.

Umceli mngeni

Oosonzululwazi abasebatsha banezidingo ezahlukeneyo, imikhwa kunye nonxibelelwano abalukhethayo, kunye nokubonelela ngenani labantu elithatha amaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka yobudala kudidi 'abaselula' lunika umngeni owodwa. IGlobal Young Academy kufuneka iyile iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezijongana nezi mfuno zahlukileyo kwaye zidibanise ngaphandle komthungo kubomi obuxakekileyo beengcali zemisebenzi yokuqala.

Amacebo othethathethwano

• Ukukhulisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwelungu nelungu: Ukukhuthaza uvakalelo loluntu, ngakumbi phakathi kwamalungu amatsha, umbutho wazisa amalinge afana nokudibanisa amalungu 'noogxa' kwiNtlanganiso kaWonke-wonke yoNyaka kunye nokubadibanisa nabacebisi abaphuma kwiqela leengcaphephe. Oku kuye kwanceda uphuhliso lobungcali kwaye kubangele unxibelelwano olunentsingiselo, ixesha elide.
• Ukujolisa kwiimfuno zamalungu kunye nexabiso: I-academy iqhubeka nokuphucula iinkqubo zayo zedijithali ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayihlonipha imiqobo yexesha lamalungu ayo. Ngokulungelelanisa unxibelelwano kunye nokusabela kwiimfuno zamalungu, i-academy iqinisekisa ukuba amalungu avakalelwa kukuba inxaxheba yawo ibalulekile.
• Ukuqonda imikhwa kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo: Ngokuqonda ukuba amanye amalungu anokwayama kumajelo onxibelelwano ale mihla, ngelixa amanye exabisa iindlela zemveli, iziko lemfundo liye lazama ukulinganisa. Uphononongo oluthe gqolo lwentsebenziswano yamalungu lubonelela ngeembono kwizinto ezikhethwayo eziguqukayo.

Impembelelo

Ngokulungelelanisa indlela yayo yokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile kunye nemikhwa yoosonzululwazi abancinci, iGlobal Young Academy idale uluntu oluqinileyo, olubandakanyekayo. Le ndlela yelungu-centric inceda i-academy ukuba isebenze nzulu ngokujoliswe kuyo, iqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kwamalungu okuqhubekayo, okusebenzayo kuthungelwano.

Ekugqibeleni, amava ahlwempuzekileyo, angenabuntu, angenamsebenzi, okanye angeyonyani anceda kuphela ekunciphiseni ukufikelela kwimibutho yezenzululwazi. Ngoko ke kufuneka bakhulise ukuqonda okunzulu ngakumbi ngabaphulaphuli abaphambili: umxholo wabo, imida kunye nendlela yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezithile. Ngethamsanqa, indawo yedijithali ibonelela ngemibutho ngobuninzi bedatha, kwaye ukusetyenziswa oku kunokukhokelela ekuqondeni malunga nokuziphatha komsebenzisi, izinto ezikhethwayo kunye neentlungu.⁸ Imibutho yezeNzululwazi ingasebenzisa le datha ukuze ilungelelanise iminikelo yabo kwaye ihlangabezane ngcono neemfuno zabaphulaphuli babo. I-International Union ye-Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) ngumzekelo wentlangano exhasa idatha yokuphucula ukunikezelwa kwayo: iqhuba uphando ukuqonda iimfuno zamalungu kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo, kwaye imisela indlela yokudibanisa nabo ngokusekelwe kwezi ngcamango (isifundo se-3) . Ukwenza indlela yabo yokunxibelelana neemfuno zabaphulaphuli ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto abazikhethayo, kunye nokudala umxholo owodwa kumacandelo athile abaphulaphuli - njenge-IUPAC's Global Women's Breakfast - ngundoqo kwindlela unxibelelwano olusebenza ngayo kwihlabathi ledijithali.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unxibelelwano oluququzelelwa yidijithali alukhawulelwanga kubantu. Namhlanje, siqhagamshelwe kwizinto ezifakwe kwi-AI, njengeefowuni zethu eziphathwayo, iiwotshi, iifriji, izithethi okanye iimicroscopes.⁹ Nangona iirobhothi kunye nezinto ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kubantu, umxholo, ukubandakanywa kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuhlala kubalulekile. Kwixesha elizayo, iRoyal Society iya kufuneka icinge nzima malunga nokuba kwaye njani ukulungelelanisa iwebhusayithi yayo ukuze isebenze umxholo kwizixhobo ezifana neChatGPT kunye nezinye iimodeli zolwimi ezinkulu.¹⁰ Ngokufanayo, i-IUPAC inokufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ukuba leliphi kumalungu ayo asebenzisa iiarhente ze-AI okanye abancedisi belizwi ukunxibelelana nayo, kunye nendlela engcono yokubandakanya abo balamli. Uqhagamshelo lwedijithali sele luza kubanzima ngakumbi.¹¹

Ucaphulo:

8. UBrown, B., Kanagasabai, K., Pant, P. kunye noSerpa Pinto, G. (2017). 'Ukubamba ixabiso kwidatha yomthengi wakho', IMcKinsey kunye neNkampani, 15 Matshi. Ifumaneka e: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/capturing-value-from-your-customer-data
9. Ghosh, I. (2020). 'IoT: Xa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa budibana ne-Intanethi yeZinto', Ingxowankulu ebonakalayo, 12 Agasti. Ifumaneka e: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/aiot-when-ai-meets-iot-technology/
10. IBhunga lezeNzululwazi laMazwe ngaMazwe (2023). 'Inkqubo-sikhokelo yokuvavanya ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nobunxulumeneyo: I-AI, iMifuziselo yeeLwimi ezinkulu nangaphaya'. IBhunga lezeNzululwazi laMazwe ngaMazwe. Ifumaneka kwi: https://council.science/publications/framework-digital-technologies/
11. Westcott, K., Arbanas, J., Arkenberg, C., Auxler, B., Loucks, J. kunye neDowns, K. (2023). '2023 Iindlela zemidiya yedijithali: Ukuntywiliselwa kunye nokuqhagamshelwa', Deloitte Insights, 14 Epreli. Ifumaneka e: https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/insights/ industry/technology/media-industry-trends-2023.html

'Ithemba lethu kukufumana iindlela zokusebenzisana namalungu ethu
ngendlela yokuba baya kuphinda bazibandakanye ngakumbi'.

I-IUPAC ngumbutho wehlabathi onesiseko samalungu awohlukeneyo. Ngamalungu ayo ahluka ngobukhulu kunye nomthamo wokusebenza, ukusuka kumaziko amakhulu, alawulwa ngobungcali ukuya kumancinci aqhutywa ngabantu, ukunxibelelana kunye nokubandakanya wonke umntu ngokufanelekileyo kulucelomngeni.

Umceli mngeni: Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha ukuzibandakanya kwidijithali

Imibutho engamalungu awohlukeneyo e-IUPAC inonxibelelwano olukhethayo. Ngelixa abanye betyekele kumajelo aqhelekileyo afana nee-imeyile, abanye bakhetha amaqonga edijithali ale mihla. Oku kubangela umngeni omkhulu kwi-IUPAC: indlela engcono yokusebenzisa izixhobo zayo ezinqongopheleyo ukunxibelelana nabaphulaphuli ngezinto ezininzi ezikhethwayo.

Uphando lothethathethwano lwedijithali

Ukuqonda ngcono ukhetho lwamalungu kunye nokucokisa isicwangciso-qhinga sokuthethathethana, i-IUPAC yenze uphando lonxibelelwano. Injongo yayikukuvavanya impumelelo yamajelo onxibelelwano akhoyo kunye nokuchonga iinkalo ekufuneka kuphuculwe kuzo. Iziphumo zophando zikhokele i-IUPAC ekuphuculeni iqhinga layo lonxibelelwano, ingakumbi kumajelo osasazo oluntu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu abandakanyeka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye afumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa amajelo abawathandayo.

I-IUPAC iphinde yaqala ukwenza imisitho yedijithali ukudibanisa kumacandelo athile othungelwano lwayo. Isidlo sakusasa sabasetyhini seGlobal saqala njengomsitho wabasetyhini, kwaye sikhule saba sisiganeko kuye nabani na onomdla wokwenza unxibelelwano olutsha kuluntu lwekhemistri yehlabathi. Ivumele i-IUPAC ukuba ibonise umsebenzi wayo, iqhagamshelane ngqo nolu luntu kwaye ifikelele kubaphulaphuli abaninzi.

Amathemba exesha elizayo

Isebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kuphando lonxibelelwano, i-IUPAC ijolise ekuphuculeni isicwangciso sayo sokusebenzisana nedijithali. Ngokulungelelanisa iindlela zayo zonxibelelwano ukuze zihambelane nezinto ezikhethwa ngabaphulaphuli, i-IUPAC inethemba lokukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluluqilima nesiseko sayo samalungu awohlukeneyo kwaye iqinisekise ukuba imiyalezo yayo iyavakala.

Nangona imibutho emininzi yezenzululwazi iqala uhambo lwazo lokuguqulwa kwedijithali ngokusebenzisa unxibelelwano lwedijithali kunye nokuzibandakanya, uphando lwamaLungu e-ISC lubonise ukuba le ndawo yayivakalelwa kukuba izakhono zabo zibuthathaka (umzobo 2). Kuyo yonke imibutho, isakhono esinamandla esixeliweyo kule ndawo yayiyimidiya yoluntu (2.6 out of 4); eyona ibuthathaka yayiyi-SEO (1.7/4) kunye ne-digital fundraising (1.3/4). Oku kugxininisa umngeni wokuphucula izicwangciso zedijithali zokufikelela kunye nokuzibandakanya nabaphulaphuli ngeendlela ezityebileyo nezifanelekileyo.

Uthethathethwano, nangona kunjalo, lubonakala luphambili kwidijithali kuwo onke amaLungu. Kwanemibutho enike ingxelo ngamanqanaba aphakathi okanye aphantsi ezakhono kunxibelelwano lwedijithali ibeke phambili ukusasazwa kolwazi lwezenzululwazi, ebonisa ukuba ukufikelela kunye nothethathethwano ziinjongo ezingundoqo kungakhathaliseki inqanaba labo lobuchule.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimiqobo engundoqo ekuphuhliseni izakhono zothethathethwano, uphando lubonise ukuba aMalungu anika ingxelo ngamanqanaba asezantsi ezakhono achonge iimfuno ezisisiseko ezifana 'nombono ocacileyo wento esinokuyiphumeza ngedijithali', 'Ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha' kunye 'nokuqonda idijithali. izixhobo'. Njengoko amanqanaba ezakhono aye asanda, Amalungu agxininisa iimfuno ezinzima ngakumbi: 'Ukuqonda iindlela zedijithali kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo umbutho wakho', 'Ukwazi ukuphuhlisa nokubethelela isicwangciso esihle sedijithali' kunye 'nezakhono zobunkokeli zeDijithali (umzekelo, ukusebenzisana ngakumbi)'.

1. Ukulungelelaniswa kweqhinga ledijithali
   » Ingaba isicwangciso sedijithali sombutho wakho sangoku sihambelana nokutshintsha kokutshintsha kwe
   ukufikelela kunye nobutyebi kwixesha ledijithali?
   » Zeziphi iindlela osebenzisa ngazo amandla omxholo otyebileyo ukuphucula ukufikelela kwakho?
2. Ukubandakanywa kunye nomxholo
   » Umbutho wakho uqinisekisa njani ukubandakanywa kwedijithali, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iintlobo ngeentlobo
   imvelaphi, iinkcubeko, iilwimi kunye namanqanaba ezakhono zedijithali?
   »Ngaba ulungelelanisa umxholo wakho wedijithali kunye nezicwangciso zokuzibandakanya ngokusekelwe kumxholo
   ngabaphi abaphulaphuli bakho abanxibelelana nayo?
3. Ukufunda ngokuqhubekayo kunye nengxelo
   » Kukangaphi umbutho wakho uqokelela ingxelo malunga nezicwangciso zawo zedijithali kunye
   iinzame zothethathethwano?
   » Zeziphi iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuziqhelanisa kunye nokuguquka ngokusekelwe kule ngxelo?
4. Indlela yokugxila kwilungu
   »Umbutho wakho ubeka phambili iimfuno kunye nezinto ezikhethwa ngamalungu awo
   amaphulo ayo edijithali?
   » Uqinisekisa njani ukuba uthethathethwano nelungu lunentsingiselo kwaye luxabisekile kwi
   amalungu ngokwawo?
5. Ubungqina bexesha elizayo
   » Umbutho wakho ulungiselela njani ukudibanisa okukhulayo kwe-AI kunye nezixhobo zedijithali kwi
   uthethathethwano lwelungu kunye nonxibelelwano?
   » Ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso sakho sedijithali sihlala sibalulekile njengeteknoloji
   iyaqhubeka ukuvela?

Njengoko inguqu yedijithali ilungisa yonke inkalo yobomi bethu, imibutho yezenzululwazi imi kumdibo wendlela yesithethe kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Uguqulo lwedijithali lubonelela ngamathuba angazange abonwe ngaphambili okuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ukwandisa ukufikelela kunye nokudala ixabiso ngeendlela ebezingacingelwanga ngaphambili - nokwenza oko ngesantya esingazange sabonwa ngaphambili.¹²

Indawo ecacileyo kakhulu oku kwenzekayo kwixabiso leemveliso zolwazi: abaphulaphuli banokufumana ixabiso elitsha kwiimveliso ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zedijithali. Ngokuchaseneyo, ukugcwala kolwazi kwenza ukuba kube nzima kunangaphambili ukuba iimveliso ezithile kunye nolwazi lugqame lukhokelela kwixesha ledijithali elichazwa ngokuba 'noqoqosho lokuthathela ingqalelo'.¹³

'Iumsila omde' ligama elithatha ithuba lokwenyani lemibutho yezenzululwazi, kunye nelo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba baliqonda kakuhle. Eli gama libhekisa kutshintsho phakathi kweendleko kunye nobuninzi. Ezinye iimveliso eziqhelekileyo ziyathengwa, zifikelelwe okanye zisetyenziswe ngamanani amakhulu, njengoko kwakunjalo. Kodwa kwihlabathi ledijithali, inani elikhulu le-niche kunye nezinto ezinomdla ezilinganiselweyo ngoku zinokufikelelwa ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ngokulula. Lo mcimbi wondla amaqonga anje ngeAmazon, echulumancisayo ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso ezininzi, ukusuka kwiintengiso ukuya kwizinto ze-niche.¹⁴

Umsila omde ukwathetha ukuba imibutho yesayensi esebenza kwiindawo ezinqabileyo kunye neemveliso ezinqabileyo zingenza ukuba zifumaneke, zisazi ukuba nangona imarike yezo mveliso incinci, ikhona. Oku ke ngoko ayikokuba zeziphi iimveliso okanye iinkonzo abantu abazikhethayo, ikwamalunga nokuba zeziphi iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezinokuthengiswa kwaye kubani.

I-World Anthropological Union (WAU) ngumzekelo wombutho owenze oko kanye: imodeli yeshishini layo liye laguqulwa ngokujolisa kwi-niches enomxholo onexabiso elithile kubo (i-4 case study). Ukuba 'lilungu' asiyondawo yokuthengisa, kwaye ubulungu abuzi kunye nomrhumo wonyaka. Endaweni yoko, abantu ngoku baba ngamalungu xa behlawula ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kumsebenzi othile (umsitho, isemina okanye okufanayo). Nangona i-WAU ijolise kumacandelo amancinci abaphulaphuli - kunye nezindululo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunokuba isindululo sobulungu esinye - ikhulisa ubulungu bayo. Esi sisicwangciso sobulungu sigxile kumsila omde.

Iingxelo:

12. Hill, LA, Le Cam, A., Menon, S., kunye neTedards, E. (2022). 'Ukukhokela kwixesha ledijithali: Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kunokukuthatha phi?' Ulwazi oluSebenzayo lweSikolo soShishino saseHarvard. Ifumaneka kwi: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/leading-in-the-digital-era-where-can-digital-transformation-take-you
13. 13 Uvuyo, A. (2021). 'Uqoqosho lwengqwalasela: Apho umthengi uba yimveliso', Ijenali yeShishini namhlanje kwi-Intanethi, 18 February. Ifumaneka e https://journal.businesstoday.org/bt-online/2021/the-attention-economy-asher-joy
14. 14 Anderson, C. (2006). Umsila omde: Kutheni ikamva leshishini lithengisa kancinci ngaphezulu. Hyperion.

'Sigqibe kwelokuba siyishiye imodeli yethu yobulungu bemveli
kwaye ngoku kukho ukunxibelelana ngakumbi nabantu
abangaphandle kombutho'.

I-WAU yintlangano ye-ambrella ene-bicameral structure: i-International Union ye-Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences kumalungu ngamanye, kunye ne-World Council of Anthropological Associations yemibutho.

Umceli mngeni

Imodeli yobulungu beWAU yemveli yayisekelwe kulwakhiwo lomrhumo wonyaka, inika amalungu ukufikelela okukodwa kumxholo kunye nemisitho. Nangona kunjalo, imida yejografi kunye nokutshintsha kwamanani abantu kumaziko emfundo kubangele imiqobo ebalulekileyo. Amalungu amaninzi ezizwe ngezizwe akakwazanga ukuzimasa iminyhadala yobuqu ngenxa yemicimbi yolungiselelo okanye ukungabikho kwamaxwebhu. Injongo yomanyano yokubandakanya wonke umntu kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokujongana nemiqobo emikhulu.

Ukuziphendukela kwedijithali

• Ukucinga ngokutsha iimodeli zobulungu: I-WAU yatshintsha ukusuka kwimodeli yobulungu bayo bemveli ukuya kwindlela evuleleke ngakumbi. Ngoku, abantu ngabanye baba ngamalungu xa bethatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo we-WAU, besusa imfuno yokuqhutywa kobulungu okwahlukeneyo.
• Ugxininiso ekubandakanyeni: Eyona nto ikhuthazayo kolu tshintsho lwedijithali yayikukubandakanywa. I-WAU ibifuna ukubonelela amalungu ehlabathi angakwaziyo ukuzimasa imisitho ekwisiza ngenxa yemiqobo eyahlukeneyo, kodwa abenokuthatha inxaxheba ngokulula kwimisitho ephuculweyo yedijithali okanye ephuculwe ngokwamanani kunye nemisebenzi.
• Unxibelelwano oludibanisayo: Unxibelelwano lwe-WAU luye lwavuleka ngakumbi kwaye lwabonakala. Endaweni yokulindela ukuba amalungu afikelele, ngoku azama ukufikelela kumalungu kumaqonga amaninzi.

Impembelelo kunye nokufunda

Indlela entsha yabona i-WAU isiya yahluka kwaye yamazwe ngamazwe. Amalungu amaninzi ajoyine, kwaye umbutho uye wajongana ngakumbi ngaphandle.

Imibutho yezeNzululwazi inokukhetha ukubonelela abaphulaphuli abaninzi okanye i-niche, okanye zombini ngexesha elifanayo, usebenzisa isiseko esifanayo - njengewebhusayithi, iqonga lewebhu okanye enye inkonzo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kwii-ecosystems ezininzi zedijithali, xa isiseko sokuqala (njengewebhusayithi okanye i-software ye-software) sisekiwe, ukongeza omnye umsebenzisi okanye ukuvelisa enye iyunithi yemveliso yedijithali akuzi ndleko ezongezelelweyo. Oku kwaziwa njenge 'Ixabiso eliphantsi elinguziro'
Thatha i-OpenAI's ChatGPT, umzekelo. Nje ukuba isiseko sendawo sisetyenziswe kumsebenzisi wokuqala, wonke umsebenzisi olandelayo akabizi nto yokongeza.¹⁵

Umbutho wabasetyhini kwiSayensi yeHlabathi eliPhuhlisayo (i-OWSD) lisebenzise eli thuba ukuphuhlisa uluhlu lweenkonzo zamalungu kwiwebhusayithi yayo - iiprofayili ezizizalisa ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye neetemplates ezilula zemisebenzi kunye nezinto zeendaba - ezihlanjululwayo ngokupheleleyo (isifundo 5). Iindleko zokuqala zokwakha le nkqubo ziphezulu, kodwa emva kokuba kwakhiwe inani labasebenzisi akusiyo umda omkhulu. Olu hlobo lwesixokelelwano seprofayile ngelube nokwenzeka ngaphandle kweendleko zeteknoloji yedijithali enguziro. I-OWSD isebenzise oku ukudala ixabiso kumalungu ezenza nzulu uthethathethwano kunye nonxibelelwano nombutho, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokunciphisa amanani.

Imbekiselo:

15. Dawson, A., Hirt, M., kunye neScanlan, J. (2016). 'Izinto ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kwisicwangciso sedijithali', McKinsey ngekota, 15 Matshi. Ifumaneka e: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/the- izinto ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho zedijithali

'Sakha indawo yokuhlangana yedijithali yamalungu ethu'.

I-OWSD izinikele ekuxhaseni nasekukhuthazeni abasetyhini kwisayensi, ngakumbi kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi.

Umceli mngeni

I-OWSD kufuneka iqinise unxibelelwano nobulungu bayo obuninzi kwaye inxibelelane ngokufanelekileyo ngamava kunye namabali oosonzululwazi basetyhini kuMzantsi weHlabathi. Lo mceli mngeni uye waqiniswa ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19, njengoko iindlela zothethathethwano zemveli zazithintelwe.

Izinto ezintsha zedijithali

• Iiprofayili zobulungu: I-OWSD yenze iiprofayili zamalungu angaphezu kwama-9,000 kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Ngoku iphuhlisa i-algorithm yokuhlaziya ezi profayili ngokuzenzekelayo ngemisebenzi yamalungu, iimpapasho kunye neentetho.
• Ukudalwa komxholo okunatyisiweyo: I-OWSD iqalise inkqubo evumela amalungu atyunjiweyo kwizahluko zelizwe ukuba afake iindaba, ukwandisa amandla ombutho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulandelelana komxholo omtsha.
• Ukubaliswa kwamabali evidiyo: Ukuphendula ubhubhane, i-OWSD yajonga ividiyo. Iqeshe umenzi wefilimu ukuba aphuhlise ikharityhulam kwaye aqeqeshe abenzi beefilimu kumazwe ahlukeneyo. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezisisiseko ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iividiyo eziye zaphumela ekubeni zinyanzelise kwaye zisebenza kakuhle.

Impembelelo kunye nokufunda

Ngomxholo oveliswe ngumsebenzisi kunye neeprofayili zamalungu ezenzelwe wena, i-OWSD inike amalungu ilizwi elinamandla kunye noluvo lweprotagonism. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhono ekubaleni amabali kuye kwavela njengendawo ekugxilwe kuyo, kunikwe amandla ayo okuba nefuthe- ukutshintshela kumxholo wevidiyo ngexesha lobhubhani kubonise amandla e-OWSD okuziqhelanisa nemingeni kwaye asazisa umxholo osemgangathweni.

Esi sifundo somzekelo sigxininisa enye indlela entsha yokuxabisa ukuba i-digital inikeza imibutho yesayensi: ukuba kunokwenzeka ixabiso ngokubambisana kunye nabaphulaphuli babo. Inkqubo yoqeqesho yevidiyo yedijithali ye-OWSD isebenzise imidiya yoluntu kunye nobunye ubugcisa bedijithali ukunika ixabiso kubaphulaphuli bayo (uqeqesho) kwaye emva koko ifumane ixabiso elibuyisiweyo (ukufumana iividiyo ezenzelwe iwebhusayithi yayo). Ngokubanzi, abantu namhlanje bafuna ukunxibelelana nemibutho kunye noontanga njengabathathi-nxaxheba: ukwabelana, ukudala ngokubambisana kunye nokuba ngabanini olu nxibelelwano, kungekhona nje ukuba ngabamkeli abangenzi nto.¹⁶

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kubalulekile kwithuba lokugqibela elinikezelwa yidijithali kwimibutho yesayensi efuna ukwenza ixabiso: iziphumo zenethiwekhi. Iziphumo zenethiwekhi zichaza isenzeko apho ixabiso lenkonzo okanye iqonga linyuka njengoko abantu abaninzi beyisebenzisa. Kumaqonga onxibelelwano afana noFacebook okanye uX (owayefudula eyiTwitter); abasebenzisi abaninzi abanabo, baxabiseke ngakumbi kumsebenzisi ngamnye, njengoko kukho uxhulumaniso oluninzi oluza kwenziwa kunye nomxholo omele usetyenziswe. Lo mgaqo uxhasa amaqonga edijithali amaninzi namhlanje: Uber, Airbnb nezinye azinakusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi, intshukumo yesayensi evulekileyo kunye nokunyuka kwamaqonga okwabelana kwangaphambili kububungqina bendlela izazinzulu eziye zangena ngayo kwezi ziphumo zothungelwano, zidlula iindlela zopapasho zemveli. Amalungu e-ISC akwangothungelwano; kufuneka baqwalasele indlela abanokuxhasa ngayo amalungu abo ekufikeleleni kwiziphumo zenethiwekhi.

Ixabiso likwahanjiswa ngesantya. Itekhnoloji yedijithali ihamba ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ukudalwa kwexabiso kufuneka nako. Ubuchule bokuvavanya izimvo kunye neekhonsepthi ngokukhawuleza nakwangoko kubalulekile. Iindlela ezininzi ziye zaphuhliswa ezifuna ngokukodwa ukwenza i-agility kunye novavanyo olugxile kumsebenzisi, kubandakanya i-Agile, i-Design Thinking kunye ne-Lean.¹⁷ Imibutho yeSayensi inokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezintsha, iqokelele ingxelo, iphindaphinde, kwaye emva koko ilinganise oko kusebenzayo. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli okukhulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zityalwe kwiingcamango eziye zaqinisekiswa ngabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo. I-WAU (umzekelo wesi-4) inakho, umzekelo, ukuvavanya iingcamango zesiganeko ezahlukeneyo ngokulula ngakumbi kwaye ibone ukuba yintoni umdla abayifumanayo, inikezela kuphela ezo zibonakaliswe ukufumana abaphulaphuli. Ngokufanayo, i-OWSD (i-case study 5) inokukhetha ukuvavanya ubuncinci bemveliso esebenzayo yenqaku elitsha kwisiseko sedatha yobulungu. Ukuba amalungu ayasabela kuphawu olutsha, i-OWSD ingaluphuhlisa ngokupheleleyo; ukuba akukho mpendulo, akunjalo.

Iingxelo:

16. Heimans, J. kunye noTimms, H. (2014). 'Ukuqonda "Amandla amatsha"', Ukuhlaziywa kwezoRhwebo zeHarvard, EtiMnga. Ifumaneka e: https://hbr.org/2014/12/understanding-new-power
17. Schneider, J. (2018). 'Ukuqonda indlela yokuCinga ukucinga, ukuNqama kunye nokuSebenza kunye kunye', Iingcamango, 28 kaJanuwari. Ifumaneka e: https://www.thoughtworks.com/insights/blog/understanding-how-design-thinking-lean- kunye-nokusebenza-ndawonye

Uphando lwe-ISC luqaqambise iindlela ezininzi Amalungu aziva ngathi itekhnoloji yedijithali inokuxhasa izicwangciso zabo zekamva. Ngokukodwa, bazibona zibalulekile ekunikezeni iinkonzo ezingcono kunye nokusabalalisa ulwazi kwixesha ledijithali. Ukongeza, ukuphembelela abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, ukunyusa umgangatho wolawulo nokukhuthaza inzululwazi evulelekileyo ibizinjongo zemibutho emininzi.

Imibutho ichaze iinjongo zedijithali ezahlukeneyo, ngokusekelwe kwintembeko epheleleyo ababenayo kwizakhono zabo zedijithali. Umzekelo, imibutho enika ingxelo ngamanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphakathi ezakhono agxininise 'Ukukhuthaza isayensi evulekileyo' kunye 'nokusasaza ulwazi lwenzululwazi ngokubanzi'.
Oku kunokubonisa ukuba banezixhobo zedijithali eziyimfuneko kunye nobuchule bokuqalisa ukusebenzisa idijithali njengenxalenye engundoqo yokufuna impembelelo.

Imibutho enamanqanaba aphakathi ezakhono ibeke phambili 'Ukunikezela ngeenkonzo ezingcono kumalungu/abasebenzisi abaninzi', mhlawumbi ebonisa ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba elithile lobuchule bedijithali kwaye ngoku bagxile ekuxhathiseni ezo zakhono zokuphucula unikezelo lweenkonzo zabo.

Imibuzo ephambili yokucamngca

1. Ukwenziwa kwexabiso kunye neemveliso zedijithali:
   » Umbutho wakho ungawasebenzisa njani amaqonga edijithali ukwazisa iimveliso okanye iinkonzo ezintsha?
   » Zeziphi iindlela owenza ngazo ukubanakho kwedijithali 'umsila omde' ukuze unikeze zombini iimveliso/iinkonzo zesiqhelo kunye ne-niche?
2. Iimodeli zothethathethwano kunye nobulungu:
   » Uzihlengahlengisa njani iimodeli zobulungu bakho ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zamalungu akho kwi-digital age?
   » Ngawaphi amacebo akhoyo okuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu emveli kunye nedijithali acinga phambili afumana ixabiso kumanyano lwawo nombutho wakho?
3. Iziseko zophuhliso kunye nokwandiswa:
   » Uqinisekisa njani ukuba isiseko sakho sedijithali siyanyuka, sikuvumela ukuba ulungiselele abaphulaphuli abakhulayo?
4. Intsebenziswano kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba:
   » Uyikhuthaza njani inkcubeko yentsebenziswano nentatho-nxaxheba phakathi kwamalungu akho, ubavumela ukuba babe negalelo kwaye bafumane ixabiso?
   » Zeziphi iindlela osebenzisa ngazo iziphumo zothungelwano ukwandisa ixabiso lesiphakamiso seqonga kunye neenkonzo zakho?
5. Iprototyping ekhawulezileyo kunye nempendulo:
   » Umbutho wakho ungawusebenzisa njani umboniso okhawulezayo wokuvavanya nokuqinisekisa amanyathelo amatsha edijithali?
   » Uyibandakanya njani ingxelo yelungu ngexesha lokwenyani ukuze uphindaphinde kwaye uphucule kwiimveliso kunye neenkonzo zakho zedijithali?
6. Imingeni yexesha elizayo:
   » Ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo ukukhangela imingeni yolwazi olugqithileyo, ukuguquguquka kwetekhnoloji kunye nokubetha ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwenguqulelo entsha kunye nokubandakanywa?
   » Uwulungiselela njani umbutho wakho ukuba udibanise kwaye uphakamise ukuqhubela phambili kwi-AI - ngesantya okanye ixabiso kubaphulaphuli bakho?

Kubuso benkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ekhawulezileyo, imibutho yesayensi kufuneka iguquke ngokwemifuziselo yayo yokusebenza, izakhono zeqela kunye nezakhiwo ukuze ihlale ifanelekile kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Ngamanye amazwi, indlela imibutho eyenza ngayo umsebenzi wabo kwixesha ledijithali ingundoqo kwi oko banokukuphumeza ngedijithali.

Ukusebenza ngesantya

Ihlabathi ledijithali liphawulwa ngesantya salo esingayekeleliyo, kunye nophuhliso oluhlala luvela ngokukhawuleza.¹⁸ Inkqubela phambili enophawu inokuphinda kabini ngokuphinda-phinda, okukhokelela kwiziphumo ezikhawulezayo nezihlala zingalindelekanga. Lo mbono unokuba nzima ukuba abantu kunye nemibutho bawuqonde, njengoko kungqinwe kumanqanaba okuqala obhubhani we-COVID-19, xa uninzi lwakufumanisa kunzima ukuqonda ukuba iimeko ezimbalwa ezikwanti zinokukhawuleza njani ukungena kwingxakeko yehlabathi jikelele.¹⁹

Umzekelo wangoku woku kukhula ngokukhawuleza kukunyuka kwezixhobo ze-AI ezivelisayo, ezifana ne-ChatGPT.
Ezi zixhobo, ezinokuvelisa umxholo omtsha, wokuqala, zazingaziwa kunyaka ophelileyo kodwa zibone ukudityaniswa okukhawulezileyo kwizicwangciso zeshishini. Ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintlanu emva kokukhululwa kwe-ChatGPT ngoNovemba ka-2022, phantse ikota yabaphathi be-C-suite abaphononongwa nguMcKinsey bafake iteknoloji ye-AI yokuvelisa emsebenzini wabo, kwaye i-28 yeepesenti yeebhodi zinezicwangciso zokuxoxa ngendlela yokuyibandakanya kwizicwangciso zokusebenza, itestamente. kwisakhono sayo sokuguqula.²⁰

Ukubophelela izixhobo zedijithali ukwenza lula

Le ndaleko ikhawulezayo igxininisa imfuneko yobuchule. Njengoko ubume bedijithali buguquka, ngokunjalo nezixhobo zokusebenza ziyafumaneka kwimibutho yezenzululwazi. Izixhobo zedijithali zinokwenza lula ukwabelana ngolwazi olungenamthungo kunye nokukhuthaza uthungelwano kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela. Bavumela umsebenzi wentsebenziswano ukuba ube yi-asynchronous, ukuze abantu ngabanye babe negalelo ngesantya sabo. Olu tshintsho lungenza ukuba izigqeba zemibutho ezinatyisiweyo zisasazeke ngakumbi, kunye nokuzimela okwandisiweyo kwabasebenzi kunye namathuba amakhulu entsebenziswano kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.²¹ Iingenelo ezinokuthi zibekho kwimibutho yezenzululwazi zininzi: ukomelela okuphezulu, ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neendlela ezomeleleyo zokusebenza.

I-Academy yaseNigeria yeSayensi ibonelela ngomfanekiso onyanzelisayo wale nguqu yedijithali (imeko ye-6). Ngokwenza inkqubo yombutho ekhompyutheni, iakhademi iye yakukhawulezisa ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokwandisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwamalungu kule nkqubo.

Iingxelo:

18. Azhar, A. (2021). Exponential: Ukukhawulezisa itekhnoloji kusishiya ngasemva kwaye senze ntoni ngayo. Random House Business.
19. Lammers, J., Crusius, J. kunye noGast, A. (2020). 'Ukulungisa iimbono eziphosakeleyo zokukhula okubonakalayo kwe-coronavirus kwandisa inkxaso yokungena ekuhlaleni'. Iinkqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences, 117(28), iphepha 16264–16266. https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2006048117
20. McKinsey kunye neNkampani. (2023). 'Imeko ye-AI ngo-2023: Unyaka wokuphuma kwe-Generative AI', 1 Agasti. Ifumaneka e: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai-in-2023-i-generative-ais-breakout-year
21. De la Boutetière, H., Montagner, A. kunye noReich, A. (2018). 'Ukuvula impumelelo kwiinguqu zedijithali', IMcKinsey kunye neNkampani, 29 Okthobha. Ifumaneka e: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/unlocking-success-in-digital-transformations

'Injongo yethu kukuba sibe sedijithali kangangoko sinakho'.

IAkhademi yaseNigeria yeSayensi, eyasekwa ngo-1977, lelona ziko lezenzululwazi liphambili eNigeria. Owona msebenzi wayo uphambili kukubonelela ngamaqumrhu karhulumente ngeengcebiso ezisekelwe kubungqina, inzululwazi exhaphakileyo, iteknoloji kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ukujongana nemiba yesizwe.

Umceli mngeni

Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 wagxininisa imfuneko yokuziqhelanisa neemeko kunye nokomelela. Iindlela zemveli zokusebenza, kubandakanywa iintlanganiso zobuqu, zazisoloko zingenakwenzeka. IAkhademi yaseNigeria yeSayensi ijongene nomngeni ombini wokugcina unxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kobudlelwane bayo obuninzi kunye nokuqhubeka nendima yayo yokucebisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Izinto ezintsha zedijithali

• Unxibelelwano olubonakalayo: Iintlanganiso, iintetho zikawonke-wonke kunye nolunye unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo lutshintshelwe kumaqonga edijithali, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa.
• Ukuvota ngedijithali kunye nezibonelelo: I-academy yomeleza iindlela zayo zokuvota zedijithali zonyulo lwabalingane kunye nezicelo ezilungelelanisiweyo zegranti ngokusebenzisa amaqonga e-intanethi.
• Ulawulo lwemali: Ulwamkelo lwemali kunye nolawulo lwatshintshelwa kwimeko yedijithali.

Impembelelo kunye nokufunda

Utshintsho lwedijithali olukhawulezileyo lweziko lemfundo, ngelixa impendulo kubhubhane, iveze iingenelo ezinokubakho zemodeli yokusebenza efakwe ekhompyutheni. Intatho-nxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zebhunga iye yalondolozwa, kwaye mhlawumbi yaphuculwa, njengoko ingxelo kunye nonxibelelwano lwalukhula kumaqonga afana neZoom, WhatsApp kunye ne-imeyile.

Ukhangele phambili

Ngelixa imiba efana nokungazinzi kothungelwano kunye nonikezelo lombane olungathembekanga luhlala lungumceli mngeni, iziko lemfundo lihlala lizibophelele kwisicwangciso sayo sedijithali. Ijonga ikamva apho izixhobo zedijithali zenza yonke into, ukusuka kwingcebiso ukuya kwimfundo. Inezicwangciso zamabhongo, ezinjengokusekwa kwamathala eencwadi e-elektronikhi kunye nokudalwa kwemyuziyam yezenzululwazi, ukuqhubela phambili uthethathethwano nemfundo yedijithali.

Ukutshintsha iinkqubo ayisiyiyo kuphela indawo yamathuba kunye nomngeni: izakhono ezintsha ziyafuneka, nazo. Abasebenzi kwimibutho yesayensi abanqwenela ukwandisa ukulungelelaniswa kwabo kwaye basebenzise amathuba edijithali kufuneka bafumane izakhono ezintsha zedijithali ukuze bafunde kakuhle indlela esebenza ngayo idijithali, ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware, kunye nokuqonda iinkqubo zedijithali kunye neenkcukacha.²²

IKomiti yeNzululwazi yoPhando lwaseLwandle (SCOR) inika umzekelo omhle. Ukukwazi ukudala i-reams enkulu yedatha usebenzisa i-digital sensors kunye nezixhobo kuthetha ukuba umbutho kufuneka uphuhlise izakhono ezitsha kulawulo lwedatha yedijithali (i-case study 7).

Ukubandakanya izakhono ezitsha kwi-automation kunokubonelela ngemibutho yesayensi ukonga okukhulu okunokubakho. Nasiphi na isenzo esiphindaphindiweyo sinokuthi sijolise ekuziqhelaniseni, usebenzisa iinkqubo ezidibeneyo kunye neerobhothi. Oku akukho malunga nokutshintsha abasebenzi; abantu babalulekile ekukhokeleni, ekongameleni nasekukhuliseni iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Kodwa ngokuzenzekela, imibutho yesayensi inokunciphisa ixesha labasebenzi elichithwe kwimisebenzi yolawulo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, into apho iinkqubo zokulawula zizele. I-automation inokuxhasa iinkqubo zophando ezisebenzayo ngakumbi, ukuqokelela idatha kunye novavanyo lwe-hypothesis. Kodwa ukuthatha ithuba loku, imibutho yesayensi kufuneka ibandakanye izakhono ezitsha, ixhobise abantu ukuba bakhokele iirobhothi.²³

Iingxelo:

22. Dondi, M., Klier, J., Panier, F. kunye noSchubert, J. (2018). 'Ukuchaza izakhono abemi baya kuzifuna kwihlabathi elizayo lomsebenzi', IMcKinsey kunye neNkampani, 25 Juni. Ifumaneka e: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/defining-the-skills-citizens-will-need-in-the-future-world-of-work
23. Bughin, J., Hazan, E., Lund, S., Dahlström, P., Subramaniam, A. kunye noWiesinger, A. (2018). 'Ukutshintsha kwezakhono: Ukuzenzekela kunye nekamva labasebenzi', McKinsey Global Institute, 23 Meyi. Ifumaneka e: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/skill-shift-automation-and-the-future-of-the-workforce

Sidinga idatha ukuze ifikeleleke ngokulula ngendlela esebenzayo kakhulu'

I-SCOR ngumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe ongekho phantsi kukarhulumente okhuthaza uphando lwezenzululwazi kwicandelo lophando ngolwandle.

Umceli mngeni

Njengoko izakhono zobugcisa zophando lolwandle zisanda, ngokunjalo umthamo kunye nobunzima bedatha. Ubuninzi bedatha eyenziwayo, kunye nesidingo sentsebenziswano kuwo wonke amaqela ehlabathi, kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo. I-SCOR iye yaqaphela imfuneko yolawulo lwedatha yedijithali ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano eziphuculweyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe intsebenziswano yenzululwazi eqhubekayo nesebenzayo. Eyona nto iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo yi-SCOR kukuququzelela amaqonga edatha edijithali asebenzayo nazinzileyo kwiiprojekthi.

Amaqonga edijithali agqanyisiweyo

• I-International Quiet Ocean Experiment iqulunqa i-meta-database yoqwalaselo lwesandi solwandle (ngaphezu kweerekhodi ezingama-5,000). Ukongeza, iqela elisebenzayo lifuna ukuphuhlisa ithala leencwadi lehlabathi lezandi zebhayoloji ezingaphantsi kwamanzi eziya kuphucula ukufikeleleka kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchule bokufunda ngomatshini okhulayo wekhompyutha ukuchonga izandi.
• IProjekthi ye-GEOTRACES, eqokelela idatha kwizinto ezilandelwayo kunye ne-isotopi elwandle, ijongana nesidingo sokuhlanganisa idatha kwaye yenze ukuba ifumaneke esidlangalaleni. Ukuqaphela oku, iZiko leNdibano yeDatha ye-GEOTRACES (GDAC) ilungiselela idatha yokugcina i-archive yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nemiba yeeMveliso zeDatha eziPhakathi rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine. I-SCOR ixhase uzinzo lwedatha ye-GEOTRACES ngokusingathwa kwe-GDAC yiBritish Oceanographic Data Centre.

Impembelelo kunye neziFundo

Amaqonga eDijithali awenzanga kuphela ubuninzi bedatha efikelelekayo kodwa akhuthaze intsebenziswano yehlabathi. Oku kuvala izikhewu kwaye kuqinisekise ukuba izazinzulu kwihlabathi jikelele ziyakwazi ukufikelela kulwazi olufanayo.

Utshintsho kwiinkqubo kunye nezakhono ngokuqinisekileyo zinefuthe inkcubeko yombutho.²⁴ Kukho imizekelo emininzi yendlela oku kwenzeka ngayo: ukunyuka komsebenzi okude kuye kwatshintsha ulindelo malunga nebhalansi yobomi bomsebenzi; ukwamkelwa kwezixhobo ezifana ne-imeyile, iSlack okanye iMicrosoft Teams zitshintsha izinto ezilindelwe ngabantu ngamaxesha okuphendula; kunye nesantya sotshintsho kwizakhono kudala isidingo soqeqesho ukuxhasa ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo.

Ngalunye lwezi nguqu lungumceli mngeni kunye nethuba. Ngokwamkela nokuxhasa utshintsho lwenkcubeko, imibutho inokudala amathuba amatsha, ibandakanyeke ngakumbi, isebenze kakuhle, ivelise izinto ezintsha kwaye ibe nefuthe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ixhomekeke ekuqondeni amathuba kunye nokudibanisa ngobuchule kwilaphu lombutho: ukuqesha italente evela kwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokusebenza ekude; ukukhuthaza iinkqubo zentsebenziswano yexesha lokwenyani ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa ngasemva nangaphambili kokuqhotyoshelweyo kwe-imeyile; kunye nokuphuhlisa iinkqubo eziqhubekayo zokuphucula eziqeqesha abasebenzi kunye namalungu.

Apho imibutho ingakwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza notshintsho, ijamelana nayo imingcipheko yeqhinga. Kwilizwe lezorhwebo, izinto ezikhuthazayo zokwenza utshintsho lwedijithali lweenkqubo, izakhono, iinkcubeko kunye neemodeli zoshishino zihlala zicwangciswe malunga neengozi. Oku kusekelwe kumava anzima: iinkampani ezisungulweyo ezifana ne-Kodak kunye neBlockbuster zathunyelwa kwimbali ngenxa yokuba azizange ziphendule utshintsho lwedijithali - njengekhamera yedijithali kunye nevidiyo-kwimfuno - ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokunjalo, amajelo eendaba emveli angakhange aziqhelanise ngokukhawuleza nobuntatheli be-intanethi ajongane nokuncipha kokufunda njengoko abaphulaphuli befudukela kumaqonga eendaba edijithali.²⁵ Ophumeleleyo-uthatha yonke indalo yeemveliso ezininzi zedijithali, njengoko kubonwa ngamaqonga afana neGoogle kunye ne-Facebook, yongeza kumngcipheko wezo nkampani ezibona ukhuphiswano kwiiplatifomu ezintsha.²⁶

Nangona le mizekelo ingasentla inxulumene neenkampani zokwenza inzuzo, imibutho yenzululwazi ayikhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo kumngcipheko wobuchule. Kukho 'imibutho emitsha ezimeleyo' (DAOs) ezama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano kunye nombutho malunga nesayensi.²⁷ Imizekelo ibandakanya I-VitaDAO, ILab DAO kwaye i Isiseko seDeSci. Le yimibutho yobulungu, apho intsebenziswano yakhelwe malunga 'nezivumelwano ezihlakaniphileyo' kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha ezisebenzisa ubugcisa bedijithali obuvelayo obufana ne-blockchain. Bamele indlela eyahlukileyo yokuhambisa ingqiqo efanayo yoqhagamshelwano, intsebenziswano kunye nokuba yeyakho - kodwa ilungelelaniswe kwisizukulwana senzululwazi kunye nabaphandi abangabemi bedijithali.

Ingaba ezi (okanye eminye imibutho yedijithali) ibe yingozi kwimibutho yesayensi yanamhlanje iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni loo mibutho emidala inokulungelelanisa kwaye ifake iinkqubo zedijithali ezihlangabezana neemfuno zenzululwazi eziphakanyiswe kwixesha ledijithali. Imibutho engaziqhelaniyo nokutshintsha kwedijithali inobunzima bokutsala okanye ukugcina oosonzululwazi abancinci abalindele izixhobo zangoku kunye namaqonga. Kodwa sonke sinokufunda kwi-okanye nokusebenzisana nazo-ezi ndlela zintsha zemibutho yedijithali yokuqala, ukuguqula izoyikiso ezinokuthi zibe ngamathuba egolide.

Iingxelo:

24. Buchanan, J., Kelley, B. kunye noHatch, A. (2016). 'Indawo yokusebenza yedijithali kunye nenkcubeko: Indlela itekhnoloji yedijithali ibatshintsha ngayo abasebenzi kunye nendlela amashishini anokuziqhelanisa ngayo kwaye avele', Deloitte. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/human-capital/us-cons-digital-workplace-and-culture.pdf
25. Solis, B. (2014). 'I-Digital Darwinism: Indlela itekhnoloji ephazamisayo itshintsha ngayo ishishini ukuze lilunge', Wired, 24 Epreli. Ifumaneka e: https://www.wired.com/insights/2014/04/digital-darwinism-disruptive-technology-changing-business-good/
26. Barwise, P. and Watkins, L. (2018). 'Izizathu ezisithoba zokuba kutheni iimarike zetekhnoloji ziphumelele ukuthatha zonke', Uphononongo lweSikolo soShishino saseLondon, 18 Julayi. Ifumaneka e: https://www.london.edu/think/nine-reasons-why-tech-markets-are-winner-take-all
27. Hamburg, S. (2021). 'Biza ukujoyina umbutho wesayensi wokwabela amagunya', indalo, 600, iphe. 221. doi: 10.1038/d41586-021-03642-9

Uvavanyo lweLungu lucele abaphenduli ukuba bahlele amanqanaba ezakhono zabo kwiindawo ezintathu (uthethathethwano, iinkonzo zamalungu kunye nolawulo). Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba imibutho idla ngokubonisa ukungaguquguquki kumanqanaba ezakhono kuzo zonke iindidi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezigqithileyo (nokuba ziphantsi okanye ziphezulu kuzo zonke iinkalo). Oku kubonisa ukuba izakhono, ngokubanzi, aziphuhliswa kwindawo enye kodwa kumbutho wonke.

Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho ama-nuances athile, kunye nemibutho ethile egqwesileyo kwindawo enye okanye emibini ngelixa ishiywe kwenye; umzekelo, imibutho enamanqanaba asezantsi ezakhono zokuzibandakanya kunye nezakhono eziphakathi kulawulo olunamanqanaba aphakathi okanye aphezulu kwizakhono kwiinkonzo zamalungu (imibutho emithathu kunye nesihlanu ngokulandelelanayo).

Uphando luphinde lwajonga imingeni engundoqo Amalungu e-ISC ajongene nayo malunga nokubandakanywa kwedijithali, izakhono kunye neenkcukacha.

Yeyiphi eyona mingeni inkulu umbutho wakho ojongene nayo ngokunxulumene nedijithali?

Ekugqibeleni, ukujonga kwixesha elizayo, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo zokuqokelela idatha yamalungu kwavela njengenkxalabo ephambili kuMalungu amaninzi e-ISC. Oku kubonisa kwakhona ukubaluleka kwezakhono zedatha kunye nolwazi kwimibutho kule ndawo.

Ukufunyaniswa kokugqibela kufune ukuqonda okuphambili kwabo baphendulayo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza inkqubela ekwakheni iinkqubo zabo zedijithali. Ngokubanzi baziva befuna ukuqonda ngcono iintsingiselo zedijithali kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka.

UKUZE UQHUBEKE NGEDIGITALI, ZEZIPHI IZAKHONO, ULWAZI OKANYE UKUZIPHATHA OKUNOKUFUNEKA UPHUCULWE UMBUTHO WAKHO KWINYANGA EZILI-18 EZIZAYO.

Imibuzo ephambili yokucamngca

1. Ulwakhiwo lombutho
   » Umbutho wakho ulungisa njani ubume bawo kunye nokusebenza kwawo ukuze ulungelelanise ngakumbi
   ixesha ledijithali?
   » Ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo ekutshintsheni ukusuka kwisithethe ukuya kumbutho odala
   izakhiwo?
   » Ngaba uqesha abantu abanezakhono zedijithali kunye nolwazi kwiindima eziphezulu - kwiibhodi okanye
   amaqela obunkokeli?
2. Izakhono zeqela
   » Ngawaphi amanyathelo akhoyo okuphucula izakhono zamalungu eqela lakho, uqinisekisa ukuba baxhotyisiwe
   ukubophelela amandla ezixhobo zedijithali?
   » Uyikhuthaza njani inkcubeko yokufunda ngokuqhubekayo nokuziqhelanisa nobuso
   ngokukhawuleza ukutshintsha izixhobo zedijithali?
3. Ukwamkela i-automation
   » Kweziphi iindawo zokusebenza kombutho wakho apho uphonononga i-automation ukuze ukhulise
   ukusebenza kakuhle?
   » Uqinisekisa njani ukuba uchuku lomntu luhlala lusembindini njengoko i-automation iqhubeka
   indima enkulu?
4. Ulawulo lweenkcukacha
   » Zeziphi izicwangciso oye wazisebenzisa ukulawula umthamo okhulayo wedatha eyenziwe
   izixhobo zedijithali?
   » Uqinisekisa njani ukuzinza kunye nokufikeleleka kwedatha, ngakumbi kwixesha elide
   iiprojekthi?
5. Inkcubeko yombutho
   » Uyikhulisa njani inkcubeko eyamkela utshintsho lwedijithali kwaye uyibone njenge
   ithuba kunokuba isoyikiso?
   » Zeziphi iindlela ezikhoyo zokuqokelela ingxelo malunga nokutshintsha kwenkcubeko nokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyenzeka
   lungelelanisa neenqobo ezisemgangathweni zombutho wakho?
6. Ulawulo lwengozi
   » Uchonga kwaye ujongane njani nemingcipheko enokubakho eyayanyaniswa nedijithali
   inguqu?
   » Zeziphi iindlela owulungiselela ngazo umbutho wakho ukuba uhlale ugugile kwaye ulungelelanise imeko eqhubekayo
   imbonakalo yedijithali?
7. Intsebenziswano kunye nokudityaniswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo
   » Uzisebenzisa njani izixhobo zedijithali ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwezifundo kunye
   into entsha?
   » Ngawaphi amaqonga okanye amacebo othe uwafumene asebenza kakhulu ekwandiseni intsebenziswano
   kunye nomanyano phakathi koluntu lwenzululwazi?
8. Isizukulwana semveli sedijithali
   » Umbutho wakho uhlengahlengisa njani izicwangciso zawo ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zezazinzulu kunye
   abaphandi abangabomthonyama bedijithali?
   » Ngawaphi amanyathelo owathathayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zakho zedijithali zihambelana nabancinci
   amalungu kwaye ubatsalele kumbutho wakho?

Ixesha ledijithali lizisa amathuba amakhulu kwimibutho yezesayensi yokuphucula imisebenzi yabo, ukwandisa ukufikelela kwabo kunye nokwandisa impembelelo yabo.

Nangona kunjalo, njengoko le ngxelo ibonisa, akukho ndlela-nye ihambelana nayo yonke indlela yokuguqula idijithali. Imibutho iqala kumanqaku ahlukeneyo kwaye igxininise iinzame zenguqu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zabo ezizodwa. Ngokomzekelo, iRoyal Society isebenzise isikhundla sayo kunye nolwazi lokufumana amathuba okusebenzisa i-SEO ukufikelela kubaphulaphuli ababanzi (i-case study 1), ngelixa i-Global Young Academy igxininise kwindlela enokuthi ibandakanyeke ngayo amalungu aneemfuno ezithile (i-case study 2). ). I-WAU ibone ithuba lokulungisa imodeli yayo ukuze ifikelele kubulungu behlabathi jikelele (imeko yesi-4).

Ngokubanzi, kukho iindawo ezintathu zamathuba ezichongiweyo kule ngxelo:

Okokuqala, unxibelelwano lwedijithali luvumela imibutho ukuba idlule imiqobo kwaye ikhuthaze intsebenziswano enentsingiselo kunye nabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, unxibelelwano lwedijithali luyi-gap yezakhono eziphambili kuMalungu amaninzi, ngoko ke ukwakhiwa kwamandla kunye nokugxila kuyadingeka.

Okwesibini, iiplatifomu zedijithali kunye nezixhobo zinokunceda ukudala nokuhambisa ixabiso ngemveliso emitsha, iinkonzo kunye namava, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngesantya kunye nesikali. I-hub i-OWSD eyakhela amalungu ayo (umzekelo 5) ngumzekelo omhle woku, kodwa ukwenza oko kufuna utyalo-mali kunye nokuzinikela ekuphuhliseni kunye nabasebenzisi engqondweni.

Okwesithathu, ukulungelelanisa izakhono zeqela, ubume bemibutho kunye neenkqubo kubalulekile ukuze uhlale ugugile. Lo bhubhani unyanzelise oku kwiAkhademi yeSayensi yaseNigeria (imeko 6), kwaye iye yazuza ngenxa yoko. Kodwa ukutshintsha amaqela, izakhiwo kunye neenkqubo akukaze kube lula, kwaye kufuna ukuqonda okunzulu ukuba kutheni utshintsho lufunwa kwaye impumelelo iya kujongeka njani.

Ngelixa idijithali ithembisa amathuba amaninzi kwimibutho yesayensi, utshintsho lwedijithali lukwajongana nemingeni ejikeleze ulawulo lotshintsho, izithuba zezakhono, ukuvela kwenkcubeko kunye nesithethe sokulungelelanisa kunye nezinto ezintsha. Indlela ecandekileyo ibalulekile. Imibutho kufuneka itshate uhambo lwayo olulodwa lwedijithali olulungelelaniswe nenjongo kunye nexabiso layo. Ukusebenzisana kunye nokwabelana ngamava, njengoko kuququzelelwe ngamanethiwekhi afana ne-ISC, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Inguqu yedijithali ayilonyathelo lexesha elinye, kodwa yinkqubo eqhubekayo yokulinga, ingxelo kunye nokufunda. Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kuninzi malunga nabantu kunye nenkcubeko njengoko kunjalo malunga nezixhobo. Ngokuyamkela ngokucingisisayo, imibutho yenzululwazi inokufikelela kuzinzo olukhulu, ukubandakanywa kunye nefuthe. Nangona imingcipheko ikhona, isikali samathuba abonelelwa yidijithali uyodlula lee - ngakumbi njengoko uphuhliso lwe-AI ngoku luthembisa ukukhawulezisa utshintsho lwedijithali kuluntu.

Kwimibutho efuna ukuhambelana netekhnoloji ngelixa ihlala isekelwe kwinjongo yayo, kwaye yamkele umoya wokuvuleleka kunye nokufunda, idijithali inesithembiso sokuzisa amalungu abandakanyekayo, impembelelo engaphezulu kunye nokufaneleka ngakumbi.