Kuye kwacetywa inani leengcali zezemfundo kunye neengcali zomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba iBhunga lezeNzululwazi yeZizwe ngezizwe - kunye nobulungu balo obunobuninzi obuvela kwisayensi yezentlalo kunye nezendalo - ukuseka inkqubo yokuvelisa nokugcina isakhelo esichaziweyo / uluhlu lokukhangela imingcipheko, inzuzo, izoyikiso kunye namathuba. ezinxulumene neetekhnoloji zedijithali ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, kubandakanywa - kodwa kungaphelelanga kwi-AI. Injongo yolu luhlu iya kuba kukwazisa bonke abachaphazelekayo - kubandakanywa oorhulumente, oothethwano zorhwebo, abalawuli, imibutho yoluntu kunye namashishini - malunga neemeko ezinokuthi zenzeke kwixesha elizayo, kwaye luya kuqulunqa indlela abanokuqwalasela ngayo amathuba, izibonelelo, imingcipheko kunye neminye imiba.
I-ISC iyavuya ukuveza eli phepha leengxoxo ekuvavanyeni uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwedijithali nobuchwephesha obunxulumeneyo. I-Artificial Intelligence, i-synthetic biology kunye ne-quantum technologies yimizekelo ephambili yokusungula izinto ezintsha, ezisekelwe kwisayensi, eziphuma ngesantya esingazange sibonwe ngaphambili. Kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ukuqikelela ngokucwangcisiweyo kungekuphela nje izicelo zabo, kodwa neziphumo zazo.
Ukuvavanya imiba yentlalo ye-AI yokuvelisa njengemizekelo yolwimi olukhulu, olumele ngokuqikelelwa ukuba uninzi lweli phepha lengxoxo, yibhulorho efunekayo ngaphakathi kwintetho yangoku - ngamanye amaxesha iqhutywa luloyiko, ngamanye amaxesha ayinzulu ngokwaneleyo kwingcinga - kunye nezifundo eziyimfuneko inyathelo esinokulithatha. I-ISC iqinisekile ukuba isakhelo socazululo phakathi kokwamkelwa koluntu kobu buchwepheshe butsha kunye nokulawulwa kwabo okunokwenzeka kuyafuneka ukuze kuququzelelwe iingxoxo zabathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi ezifunekayo ukuze kuthathwe izigqibo ezinolwazi nezinoxanduva malunga nendlela yokuphucula izibonelelo zentlalo zobu buchwepheshe buvela ngokukhawuleza.
I-ISC ivulelekile kwiimpendulo ezivela kuluntu lwethu ngeli phepha leengxoxo ukuze kuhlolwe indlela engcono yokuqhubeka nokuba yinxalenye kunye nokuba negalelo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nobuchwepheshe.
Salvatore Aricò, iCEO
Iphepha lengxoxo le-ISC
Isakhelo sokuvavanya uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nenxulumene noko: I-AI, imifuziselo yolwimi olukhulu nangaphaya.
Eli phepha leengxoxo libonelela ngenkcazo yesikhokelo sokuqala sokwazisa iingxoxo ezininzi zehlabathi nezesizwe ezenzekayo ezinxulumene ne-AI.
Khuphela ingxelo
Entsha! Funda inguqulelo ka-2024 yabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ngesakhelo esikhuphelekayo sombutho wakho.
Isikhokelo sabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo: Ukuphonononga itekhnoloji ephuhla ngokukhawuleza kubandakanya i-AI, iimodeli ezinkulu zeelwimi nangaphaya.
Eli phepha leengxoxo libonelela ngenkcazo yesikhokelo sokuqala sokwazisa iingxoxo ezininzi zehlabathi nezesizwe ezenzekayo ezinxulumene ne-AI.
Contents
intshayelelo
Ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngokukhawuleza bubonisa imiba engumngeni xa kuziwa kulawulo lwabo kunye nolawulo olunokubakho. Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neengxoxo zoluntu malunga nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuzise le miba kwingqwalasela emandla. Nangona imigaqo ebanzi ye-AI iye yabhengezwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD kunye nabanye, kwaye kukho iingxoxo ezisandul 'ukuzalwa malunga nolawulo lwehlabathi okanye lolawulo lwethekhnoloji, kukho umsantsa we-ontological phakathi kokuphuhliswa kwemigaqo yezinga eliphezulu kunye nokufakwa kwayo kulawulo, umgaqo-nkqubo, iindlela zolawulo nobugosa. Kulapho uluntu lwenzululwazi engekho phantsi kukarhulumente lunokuba nendima ethile.
Kuye kucetywa inani leengcali zemfundo kunye neengcali zomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba iBhunga lezeNzululwazi yeZizwe ngezizwe (ISC) - kunye nobulungu bayo obuninzi ukusuka kwintlalo yoluntu kunye nesayensi yendalo - ukuseka inkqubo yokuvelisa nokugcina isakhelo esichatshaziweyo / uluhlu lokukhangela imingcipheko, iinzuzo, izoyikiso kunye namathuba anxulumene nobuchwepheshe bedijithali ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, kubandakanywa - kodwa kungaphelelanga kwi-AI. Injongo yolu luhlu iya kuba kukwazisa bonke abachaphazelekayo - kubandakanywa oorhulumente, oothethwano zorhwebo, abalawuli, imibutho yoluntu kunye namashishini - malunga neemeko ezinokuthi zenzeke kwixesha elizayo, kwaye luya kuqulunqa indlela abanokuqwalasela ngayo amathuba, izibonelelo, imingcipheko kunye neminye imiba.
Iziphumo azinakusebenza njengequmrhu lovavanyo, kodwa njengesakhelo sohlalutyo esiguqukayo esinokuthi sixhase naluphi na uhlolo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezinokuthi ziphuhliswe ngabachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa oorhulumente kunye nenkqubo yamazwe amaninzi. Nasiphi na isakhelo socazululo kufuneka siphuhliswe ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kwamabango karhulumente kunye namashishini, kunikwe umdla wabo oqondakalayo. Kufuneka kwakhona ibe nezininzi kakhulu kwiimbono zayo, ngaloo ndlela ibandakanya yonke imiba yethekhinoloji kunye neziphumo zayo.
Eli phepha leengxoxo libonelela ngenkcazo yesikhokelo sokuqala sokwazisa iingxoxo ezininzi zehlabathi nezesizwe ezenzekayo ezinxulumene ne-AI.
Imvelaphi: Kutheni kukho isakhelo sohlalutyo?
Ukuvela ngokukhawuleza kweteknoloji enobunzima kunye neziphumo ze-AI kuqhuba amabango amaninzi eenzuzo ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwaxhokonxa uloyiko lomngcipheko omkhulu, ukusuka kumntu ukuya kwinqanaba le-geo-strategic. Uninzi lwengxoxo luthande ukwenzeka ekupheleni okugqithisileyo koluhlu lwezimvo, kwaye indlela esebenzayo ngakumbi iyafuneka. Itekhnoloji ye-AI iya kuqhubeka nokuvela kwaye imbali ibonisa ukuba phantse yonke itekhnoloji inosetyenziso oluluncedo kunye noluyingozi. Umbuzo ke ngoko: sinokufikelela njani kwiziphumo eziluncedo kule teknoloji, ngelixa sinciphisa umngcipheko wemiphumo eyingozi, ezinye zazo ezinokuthi zibekho kubukhulu?
Ikamva lihlala lingaqinisekanga, kodwa kukho amazwi athembekileyo kunye neengcali ezaneleyo malunga ne-AI kunye ne-AI yokuvelisa ukukhuthaza indlela yokhuseleko. Ukongezelela, indlela yenkqubo iyadingeka, kuba i-AI iklasi yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezininzi zabasebenzisi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umxholo opheleleyo kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuqwalaselwa iziphumo ze-AI kubantu, ubomi bentlalo, ubomi boluntu, ubomi boluntu kunye nomxholo wehlabathi.
Ngokungafaniyo nobuninzi betekhnoloji edlulileyo, itekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nethekhnoloji ehambelana nayo inexesha elifutshane kakhulu ukusuka kuphuhliso ukuya ekukhululweni, iqhutywa ikakhulu yimidla yeenkampani zemveliso okanye iiarhente. I-AI igcwele ngokukhawuleza; ezinye iipropathi zinokubonakala kuphela emva kokukhululwa, kwaye itekhnoloji inokuba nezicelo ezikhohlakeleyo nezinobubele. Imilinganiselo yamaxabiso abalulekileyo iya kuba nefuthe kwindlela olubonwa ngayo naluphi na usetyenziso. Ngaphaya koko, kunokubakho umdla we-geo-strategic odlalwayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukulawulwa kwethekhnoloji ebonakalayo kuye kwabonwa kakhulu kwilensi "yemigaqo" kunye nokuthotyelwa kokuzithandela. Kutshanje, nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo iguqukele kwimiba yolawulo lwesizwe kunye nolwamazwe ngamazwe, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulawula kunye nezinye izixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo. Amabango enzelwe okanye ngokuchasene ne-AI ahlala e-hyperbolic kwaye - anikwe ubume beteknoloji - kunzima ukuyihlola. Ukuseka inkqubo esebenzayo yokulawula ubuchwephesha behlabathi okanye kuzwelonke kuya kuba ngumceli mngeni, kwaye iileya ezininzi zokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezinolwazi ngomngcipheko ziya kufuneka ecaleni kwekhonkco, ukusuka kumqambi ukuya kumvelisi, ukuya kumsebenzisi, ukuya kurhulumente kunye nenkqubo yamazwe amaninzi.
Ngelixa imigaqo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu iye yabhengezwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu, phakathi kwezinye, kunye neengxoxo ezahlukeneyo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu eziqhubekayo malunga nemiba yolawulo olunokubakho, kukho umsantsa omkhulu we-ontological phakathi kwemigaqo enjalo kunye nolawulo okanye isakhelo solawulo. Yeyiphi i-taxonomy yengqwalasela enokufuneka ukuba umlawuli ayithathele ingqalelo? Ukujolisa kwisakhelo esincinci kuya kuba bubudenge, xa kujongwa iimpembelelo ezibanzi zezi teknoloji. Le nto inokwenzeka ibe ngumxholo wenkcazelo eninzi, eyakhayo kunye nembi.
Ukuphuhliswa kwesakhelo sohlalutyo
I-ISC yi-NGO ephambili yehlabathi edibanisa isayensi yendalo kunye nezentlalo. Ukufikeleleka kwayo kwihlabathi kunye noluleko kuthetha ukuba ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuvelisa iingcebiso ezizimeleyo kunye nehlabathi jikelele ezifanelekileyo ukwazisa ukhetho olunzima oluzayo, ngakumbi njengoko amazwi akhoyo ngoku kweli qonga ubukhulu becala avela kushishino okanye kumagunya amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe. Ukulandela ingxoxo ebanzi kwiinyanga zamva nje, kubandakanywa ukuqwalaselwa kwenkqubo yovavanyo olungekho phantsi kukarhulumente, i-ISC yagqiba ekubeni igalelo layo eliluncedo kakhulu liya kuba kukuvelisa nokugcina isakhelo sohlalutye olulungelelaniso olunokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sentetho kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo. bonke abachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa ngexesha lovavanyo olusesikweni oluvelayo.
Esi sicwangciso-sikhokelo siya kuba kuluhlu lokuhlola olubanzi olunokusetyenziswa ngoorhulumente namaziko angekho phantsi kukarhulumente. Isakhelo sichonga kwaye sihlolisise amandla obuchwepheshe obufana ne-AI kunye ne-derivatives yayo ngokusebenzisa i-lens ebanzi ebandakanya intlalontle yoluntu kunye noluntu, kunye nezinto zangaphandle, ezifana nezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Eminye imiba yoluhlu lokukhangela inokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi kunezinye, kuxhomekeke kumxholo, kodwa izigqibo ezingcono zinokwenzeka ukuba zonke iindawo ziyaqwalaselwa. Eli lixabiso lendalo lendlela yoluhlu lokutshekisha.
Isakhelo esicetywayo sithathwe kumsebenzi wangaphambili kunye nokucinga, kubandakanywa uThungelwano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweNgcebiso yeNzululwazi kaRhulumente (INGSA) ingxelo yedijithali yempilo.1 kunye ne-OECD AI Classification Framework2 ukuveza isimbuku samathuba anokubakho, imingcipheko kunye neempembelelo ze-AI. Ezi mveliso zangaphambili bezithintelwe ngakumbi kwinjongo yazo xa zinikwa ixesha kunye nomxholo, kukho imfuneko yesakhelo esongameleyo esibonisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemiba kwixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide.
Ngelixa iphuhliselwe ukuqwalaselwa kwe-AI, esi sikhokelo sohlalutyo sinokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na iteknoloji evela ngokukhawuleza. Le miba ihlelwe ngokubanzi ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo ukuze kuqwalaselwe iimviwo ezongezelelweyo:
Uluhlu lweengqwalasela zoluhlu ngalunye kwezi zingentla zibandakanyiwe kunye namathuba azo kunye neziphumo. Ezinye zifanelekile kwiimeko ezithile okanye usetyenziso lwe-AI ngelixa ezinye ziqhelekileyo kunye ne-agnostic yeqonga okanye ukusetyenziswa. Akukho ngqwalasela enye ibandakanyiweyo apha kufuneka ithathwe njengento ephambili kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yonke into kufuneka ihlolwe.
Sinokusetyenziswa njani esi sikhokelo?
Esi sikhokelo sinokusetyenziswa, kodwa singaphelelanga kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:
Le theyibhile ilandelayo kukubunjwa kwangaphambili kwemilinganiselo yesakhelo sohlalutyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwitekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, amanye amacandelo aya kufaneleka ngakumbi kunamanye. Imizekelo inikezelwe ukubonisa ukuba kutheni ummandla ngamnye unokubaluleka; ngokomxholo, isakhelo siya kufuna ukwandiswa okufanelekileyo ngokomxholo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kophuhliso lweqonga kunye nemiba eqhelekileyo enokuthi ivele ngexesha lezicelo ezithile.
Imilinganiselo emayiqwalaselwe xa uvavanya itekhnoloji entsha
| Uyilo lokuqala lwemilinganiselo enokufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kuvavanywa iteknoloji entsha | ||
| Imilinganiselo yempembelelo | Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Umntu/ ngokwakhe | Ubuchule babasebenzisi be-AI | Ingaba banobuchule kwaye bazazi kangakanani iipropathi zenkqubo abona basebenzisi banokusebenzisana nenkqubo? Baza kunikwa njani ulwazi olufanelekileyo lomsebenzisi kunye nezilumkiso? |
| Abachaphazelekayo abachaphazelekayo | Ngoobani abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili abazakuchatshazelwa yinkqubo (okt, abantu, uluntu, abasesichengeni, abasebenzi bamacandelo, abantwana, abaqulunqi-migaqo-nkqubo, iingcali)? | |
| Ukhetho | Ngaba abasebenzisi banikwe ithuba lokukhetha ukuphuma kwinkqubo; ingaba kufuneka banikwe amathuba okucela umngeni okanye balungise iziphumo? | |
| Imingcipheko kumalungelo oluntu kunye neenqobo zedemokhrasi | Ingaba inkqubo inokuba nefuthe (kwaye kweliphi icala) kumalungelo oluntu, kubandakanywa, kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, imfihlo, inkululeko yokuthetha, ubulungisa, umngcipheko wocalucalulo, njl.njl.? | |
| Iziphumo ezinokuthi zibekho kwintlalontle yabantu | Ingaba le nkqubo ingaba nefuthe (kwaye kweliphi icala) intlalo-ntle yomntu ngamnye (okt, umgangatho womsebenzi, imfundo, unxibelelwano loluntu, impilo yengqondo, isazisi, okusingqongileyo)? | |
| Ukubakho kokufuduswa kwabantu emsebenzini | Ngaba ikho indlela yokuba le nkqubo izenzele ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi okanye imisebenzi ebisenziwa ngabantu? Ukuba kunjalo, zithini iziphumo zomlambo? | |
| Ukubanakho ukuzazisi, iinqobo ezisemgangathweni okanye ukukhohlisa ulwazi | Ngaba inkqubo yenzelwe okanye ikwazi ukukhohlisa isazisi somsebenzisi okanye ixabiso elibekiweyo, okanye lisasaze ulwazi olungachananga? Ngaba kukho amabango obuxoki okanye angenakuqinisekiswa ngobungcali? | |
| Amanyathelo okuzixabisa | Ngaba kukho uxinzelelo lokubonisa umntu ozicingelayo? Ngaba i-automation ingathatha indawo yemvakalelo yokuzaliseka komntu? Ngaba kukho uxinzelelo lokukhuphisana nenkqubo emsebenzini? Ngaba isidima somntu senziwe nzima ngakumbi ukukhusela kulwazi olungachananga? | |
| Ukuba bucala | Ngaba kukho uxanduva olwahlukeneyo lokukhusela ubumfihlo kwaye ngaba kukho naziphi na iingcamango ezenziwayo malunga nendlela idatha yobuqu esetyenziswa ngayo? | |
| Ukuzimela | Ngaba inkqubo inokuchaphazela ukuzimela komntu ngokuvelisa ukuthembela ngokugqithiseleyo kwiteknoloji ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela? | |
| Uphuhliso lomntu | Ngaba kukho impembelelo ekufumaneni izakhono eziphambili zokuphuhliswa komntu njengemisebenzi elawulayo, izakhono zokusebenzisana nabantu, utshintsho kwixesha lokuqwalasela elichaphazela ukufunda, ukuphuhliswa komntu, iinkxalabo zempilo yengqondo, njl. | |
| Ukhathalelo lwempilo lomntu | Ngaba akhona amabango ezisombululo zokhathalelo lwempilo olulolwakho? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba ziqinisekisiwe ngokwemigangatho yolawulo? | |
| Impilo Yengqondo | Ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokonyuka koxinzelelo, isithukuthezi okanye eminye imiba yempilo yengqondo, okanye ngaba itekhnoloji inganciphisa ezo mpembelelo? | |
| Indaleko yomntu | Ngaba obu bugcisa bunokukhokelela kwiinguqulelo kwindaleko yabantu? | |
| Imilinganiselo yempembelelo | Criteria | inkcazelo |
| Uluntu / ubomi bentlalo | Iinqobo zoluntu | Ngaba inkqubo itshintsha ngokusisiseko ubume boluntu okanye yenza ukuba kuqheleke iimbono ebezithathwa njengezichasene nentlalontle, okanye ngaba iyaphula imilinganiselo yentlalo yenkcubeko esetyenziswa kuyo? |
| Intsebenziswano yoluntu | Ngaba kukho impembelelo kunxibelelwano olunentsingiselo phakathi kwabantu, kuquka nolwalamano lweemvakalelo? | |
| Equity | Ngaba usetyenziso/ubuchwepheshe bunokunciphisa okanye bonyuse ukungalingani (okt, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, ezemfundo, ngokwejografi)? | |
| Impilo yabemi | Ngaba kukho ukubakho kwenkqubo ukuqhubela phambili okanye ukujongela phantsi iinjongo zempilo yabemi? | |
| Ukubonakaliswa kwenkcubeko | Ngaba ukwanda kolwahlulo lwenkcubeko okanye ucalucalulo kunokwenzeka okanye kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa? Ngaba ukuthembela kwisistim ekuthathweni kwezigqibo kunokungabandakanyi okanye kujongele phantsi amacandelo oluntu? | |
| Imfundo yoluntu | Ngaba kukho ifuthe kwiindima zootitshala okanye kumaziko emfundo? Ngaba inkqubo igxininisa okanye inciphisa ukungalingani phakathi kwabafundi kunye nokwahlukana kwedijithali? Ngaba ixabiso elingaphakathi lolwazi okanye ukuqonda okunzulu kuhambele phambili okanye kujongelwe phantsi? | |
| Iinyaniso ezigqwethiweyo | Ngaba iindlela esizisebenzisayo ukuqonda oko kuyinyani zisasebenza? Ngaba imbono yenyaniso isengozini? | |
| Umxholo wezoqoqosho (urhwebo) | Icandelo lezoshishino | Leliphi icandelo lemizi-mveliso emiselwe kulo (okt, ezemali, ezolimo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, ukhuselo)? |
| Imodeli yeshishini | Le nkqubo iqeshwe kweliphi ishishini, kwaye ikwesiphi isikhundla? Isetyenziswa phi inkqubo (eyabucala, kawonke-wonke, engenzi ngeniso)? | |
| Impembelelo kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo | Ngaba ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wenkqubo okanye umsebenzi kunokuchaphazela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo okanye iziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo? | |
| Umoya wokusasazwa | Ingaba le nkqubo isetyenziswa njani (ekufutshane phakathi kombutho xa ithelekiswa nokwanda kwelizwe/kumazwe ngamazwe)? | |
| Ukuvuthwa kwezobuGcisa (TRL) | Ikhule kangakanani le nkqubo? | |
| Ulongamo lobuchwephesha | Ngaba itekhnoloji iqhuba ugxininiso olukhulu kulawulo lwetekhnoloji. | |
| Ukwabiwa kwakhona kwengeniso kunye nemigangatho yemali yesizwe | Ngaba iindima ezingundoqo zorhulumente ozimeleyo zinokubekwa esichengeni (oko kukuthi, iiBhanki ezingoovimba)? Ngaba isakhono sikarhulumente sokuhlangabezana nolindelo lwabemi kunye neziphumo (oko kukuthi, ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko) ziya phambili okanye zincitshiswe? | |
| Imilinganiselo yempembelelo | Criteria | inkcazelo |
| Ubomi beCivic | Ulawulo kunye nenkonzo yoluntu | Ngaba iindlela zolawulo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwehlabathi zingachaphazeleka kakuhle okanye kakubi? |
| Iindaba zeendaba | Ngaba iintetho zesidlangalala zinokwehla ngakumbi okanye zibe mbalwa kwaye zimiliselwe kwinqanaba labemi? Ngaba kuya kubakho umphumo kumanqanaba okuthembana kumajelo eendaba? Ngaba imigaqo eqhelekileyo yobuntatheli kunye nemigangatho yemfezeko iya kuchaphazeleka ngakumbi? | |
| Umgaqo WOMTHETHO | Ngaba kuya kuba nefuthe ekukwazini ukuchonga abantu okanye imibutho ukuba ibambe uxanduva (oko kukuthi, luhlobo luni lokuphendula lokunika i-algorithm yeziphumo ezibi)? Ngaba oku kudala ilahleko yolongamo (okt, imo engqongileyo, eyemali, umgaqo-nkqubo wentlalontle, imigaqo yokuziphatha)? | |
| Ezopolitiko kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu | Ngaba likhona ithuba leembono zezopolitiko ezimiliselwe ngakumbi kunye nethuba elincinci lokwakha isivumelwano? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba amanye amaqela angajongelwa phantsi? Ngaba iindlela zokuchasa kwezopolitiko zenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi? | |
| Geo-strategic/ imeko yezopolitiko | Ucupho oluchanekileyo | Ngaba iinkqubo eziqeqeshwe kwiinkcukacha zokuziphatha kunye nebhayoloji, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ngaba zingasetyenziselwa ukuxhaphaza abantu okanye amaqela? |
| Ikholoni yedijithali | Ngaba abathathi-nxaxheba bakarhulumente okanye abangengorhulumente bayakwazi ukusebenzisa iinkqubo neenkcukacha ukuqonda nokulawula abemi bamanye amazwe kunye nenkqubo yendalo, okanye ukujongela phantsi ulawulo lolawulo? | |
| Ukhuphiswano lwezopolitiko | Ngaba inkqubo ichaphazela ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezizwe kunye neeplatifti zeteknoloji zokufikelela kwidatha yomntu kunye neqela elihlangeneyo ngeenjongo zoqoqosho okanye ezicwangcisiweyo? | |
| Izivumelwano zorhwebo kunye norhwebo | Ngaba le nkqubo ineempembelelo kwizivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe? | |
| Shift kumagunya ehlabathi | Ngaba imeko yamazwe-ngamazwe njengabadlali bezopolitiko abaphambili behlabathi baphantsi kwesisongelo? Ngaba iinkampani zetekhnoloji ziya kusebenzisa amandla xa ebegcinelwe ilizwe- kwaye ngaba ziba ngabadlali abazimeleyo abazimeleyo? | |
| Disinformation | Ngaba kulula kurhulumente nabangengabo karhulumente ukuba bavelise kwaye basasaze ulwazi olungachananga oluchaphazela ubumbano loluntu, ukuthembana kunye nedemokhrasi? | |
| Environmental | Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nobutyebi (i-carbon footprint) | Ngaba inkqubo kunye neemfuno ziyakwandisa ukuthatyathwa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngaphezu kweenzuzo ezisebenzayo ezifunyenwe ngesicelo? |
| Imilinganiselo yempembelelo | Criteria | inkcazelo |
| Idatha kunye negalelo | Ukufunyanwa kunye nokuqokelela | Ngaba idatha kunye negalelo eliqokelelwe ngabantu, i-automated sensors okanye zombini? |
| Ubungqina bedatha | Ngokumalunga nedatha ngaba ezi zinikiweyo, zijongiwe, zenziwe zakhiwe okanye zenziwe? Ngaba kukho ukukhuselwa kwe-watermark ukuqinisekisa ukuvela? | |
| Ubume bedatha obunamandla | Ngaba idatha iguquguqukayo, imile, ihlaziywa amaxesha ngamaxesha okanye ihlaziywa ngexesha lokwenyani? | |
| Amalungelo | Ingaba idatha yeyomnini, kawonke-wonke okanye yobuqu (okt, inxulumene nabantu abanokuchongeka)? | |
| Ukuchongwa kwedatha yomntu | Ukuba iinkcukacha zobuqu, ngaba azichazwanga okanye zenziwe pseudonymized? | |
| Ubume bedatha | Ngaba idatha yakhiwe, isiqingatha-yakhiwe, intsonkothile yakhiwe okanye ayakhiwanga? | |
| Ubume bedatha | Ngaba ifomathi yedatha kunye nemetadata isemgangathweni okanye ayimiselwanga? | |
| Ubungakanani bedatha | Yintoni isikali sedathasethi? | |
| Ukufaneleka kunye nomgangatho wedatha | Ngaba iseti yedatha iyifanele injongo? Ngaba isayizi yesampulu yanele? Ngaba imele kwaye iphelele ngokwaneleyo? Ingxola kangakanani idatha? Ngaba ikho impazamo? | |
| imodeli | Ukufumaneka kolwazi | Ngaba ulwazi malunga nemodeli yenkqubo lukhona? |
| Uhlobo lwemodeli ye-AI | Ngaba imodeli iyisimboli (imithetho eyenziwe ngabantu), izibalo (isebenzisa idatha) okanye i-hybrid? | |
| Amalungelo anxulumene nemodeli | Ngaba imodeli ngumthombo ovulekileyo, okanye ubunini, wena okanye umntu wesithathu olawulwayo? | |
| Iimodeli enye okanye ezininzi | Ingaba inkqubo yenziwe yimodeli enye okanye imifuziselo emininzi edityanisiweyo? | |
| Ukuvelisa okanye ukucalula | Ngaba imodeli iyavelisa, iyacalula okanye zombini? | |
| Ukwakhiwa kwemodeli | Ngaba inkqubo ifunda ngokusekelwe kwimithetho ebhalwe ngabantu, kwidatha, ngokufunda okugadwayo okanye ngokufunda okomeleza? | |
| imodeli evolution (AI drift) | Ngaba imodeli iyavela kunye / okanye ifumana izakhono ekusebenzisaneni nedatha ebaleni? | |
| Imfundo edibeneyo okanye esembindini | Ngaba imodeli iqeqeshelwe kwindawo esembindini okanye kwiiseva ezininzi zasekhaya okanye izixhobo "zomda"? | |
| Uphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa | Ngaba imodeli yendalo yonke, inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso okanye ilungiselelwe idatha yomdlali we-AI? | |
| Ukumisela okanye okunokwenzeka | Ingaba imodeli isetyenziswa ngendlela enokumiselwa okanye enokwenzeka? | |
| Umzekelo obala | Ngaba ulwazi luyafumaneka kubasebenzisi ukubavumela ukuba baqonde iziphumo zemodeli kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukusebenzisa imiqobo? | |
| Umda wokubala | Ngaba kukho imida yokubala kwinkqubo? Ngaba sinokuqikelela ukubanakho ukutsiba okanye imithetho yokukala? | |
| Imilinganiselo yempembelelo | Criteria | inkcazelo |
| Umsebenzi kunye nemveliso | Umsebenzi (imi) owenziwa yinkqubo | Yeyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa sisixokelelwano (okt, ukuqaphela, ukubhaqwa kwesiganeko, ukuxela kwangaphambili)? |
| Ukudibanisa imisebenzi kunye nezenzo | Ngaba inkqubo idibanisa imisebenzi emininzi kunye nezenzo (oko kukuthi, iinkqubo zokuvelisa umxholo, iinkqubo ezizimeleyo, iinkqubo zokulawula)? | |
| Inqanaba lenkqubo yokuzimela | Zizimele kangakanani izenzo zenkqubo kwaye yiyiphi indima edlalwa ngabantu? | |
| Inqanaba lokubandakanyeka komntu | Ngaba kukho ukubandakanyeka komntu ukujonga umsebenzi jikelele wenkqubo ye-AI kunye nokukwazi ukugqiba ixesha kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa inkqubo kuyo nayiphi na imeko? | |
| Usetyenziso olungundoqo | Ngaba le nkqubo yeyommandla wosetyenziso olungundoqo olufana nobuchwepheshe bolwimi lwabantu, imbono yekhompyutha, i-automation kunye/okanye ukwenziwa ngcono, okanye iirobhothi? | |
| Evaluation | Ngaba imigangatho okanye iindlela ezikhoyo zokuvavanya imveliso yenkqubo okanye ukujongana neepropathi ezivelayo ezingalindelekanga? | |
Oluphambili imithombo yezichazi
Amagama alula:
Gluckman, P. kunye no-Allen, K. 2018. Ukuqonda intlalontle kumxholo wedijithali okhawulezayo kunye neenguqu ezinxulumeneyo. INGSA. https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
Isicatshulwa esinamandla:
I-OECD. 2022. Isakhelo se-OECD soHlelo lweenkqubo ze-AI. Amaphepha e-OECD Digital Economy, No. 323, OECD Publishing, Paris. https://oecd.ai/en/classification
Umbhalo okekeleyo:
Izichazi ezintsha (ezisuka kwimithombo emininzi)
Indlela eya phambili
Ngokuxhomekeke kwimpendulo kweli phepha leengxoxo, iqela elisebenzayo leengcali liya kusekwa yi-ISC ukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa okanye ukulungisa isakhelo sohlalutyo esingentla apho abachaphazelekayo banokujonga ngokubanzi naluphi na uphuhliso olubalulekileyo nokuba ngamaqonga okanye imilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa. Iqela elisebenzayo liya kwahluka ngokoluleko, ngokwejografi kunye nangokweendawo zokuhlala, kunye nobuchule obususela kuvavanyo lwethekhnoloji ukuya kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, ukusuka kuphuhliso lwabantu ukuya kwinzululwazi yezentlalo nekamva kunye nezifundo zobuchwepheshe.
Ukuzibandakanya neli phepha lengxoxo, nceda undwendwele Ibhunga.inzululwazi/ushicilelo/ubuxhakaxhaka-buchwephesha-buchwephesha
Imibulelo
Abantu abaninzi kuye kwaboniswana nabo xa kusenziwa eli phepha, neliyilwe ngu Sir Peter Gluckman, uMongameli, i-ISC kunye no-Hema Sridhar, owayesakuba nguNzululwazi oyiNtloko, uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, kwaye ngoku uPhando oluphezulu, iYunivesithi yaseAuckland, eNew Zealand.
Ngokukodwa siyabulela iNkosi uMartin Rees, owayenguMongameli weRoyal Society kunye nomseki-ntsapho weZiko loFundo lweMingcipheko ekhoyo, iYunivesithi yaseCambridge; Unjingalwazi uShivaji Sondhi, uNjingalwazi weFiziksi, kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford; UNjingalwazi K Vijay Raghavan, owayesakuba ngumcebisi oyintloko kwezenzululwazi kuRhulumente waseIndiya; Amandeep Singh Gill, uMthunywa kaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kwiTekhnoloji; UGqr Seán Óh Éigeartaigh, uMlawuli oyiNtloko, iZiko loFundo lweMingcipheko ekhoyo, kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge; U-Amanda-Juni Brawner, uMcebisi woMgaqo-nkqubo oMkhulu kunye no-Ian Wiggins, uMlawuli weMicimbi yamazwe ngamazwe, iRoyal Society UK; UGq Jerome Duberry, uGq Marie-Laure Salles, uMlawuli we-Geneva Graduate Institute; UMnu Chor Pharn Lee, iZiko leQhinga leFutures, iOfisi yeNkulumbuso, eSingapore; Barend Mons kunye noGqr Simon Hodson, iKomiti yeeNkcukacha (CoDATA); UNjing Yuko Harayama, waseJapan; UNjingalwazi uRémi Quirion, uMongameli we-INGSA; UGq Claire Craig, weYunivesithi yaseOxford kunye nowayesakuba yiNtloko yoBugcisa, iOfisi kaRhulumente yezeNzululwazi; kunye noNjing. Yoshua Bengio, uNobhala Jikelele we-UN kwiBhodi yeeNgcebiso zezeNzululwazi nakwiYunivesithi yaseMontréal. Indlela yoluhlu lokukhangela iye yavunywa ngokubanzi kwaye ukufaneleka kwayo nayiphi na into eyenziwa yi-ISC kwagxininiswa.
Umfanekiso: adamichi kwi-iStock
Funda ngakumbi malunga Ukusuka kwisayensi ukuya kwisenzo: Ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwesayensi kunye nezisombululo zokuqhubela phambili uphuhliso oluzinzileyo noluzinzileyo. 
Funda ngakumbi malunga neNtsilelo yoMxholo: UkuYilwa ngokutsha kweNtembeko kwiNzululwazi kuMgaqo-nkqubo waMazwe amaninzi 
Funda ngakumbi malunga nePosition paper yeForam yezoPolitiko ekwiNqanaba eliPhezulu lowama-2023 