Isikhokelo se-ISC sibonelela ngenkqubo-sikhokelo ebanzi eyilelwe ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwemithetho-siseko ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo, onokuthathwa. Isabela kwimfuno engxamisekileyo yokuqonda okufanayo kokubini amathuba kunye nobungozi obuvezwa bubuchwepheshe obuvelayo. Olu luxwebhu oluyimfuneko kwabo basebenza kunxibelelwano lomgaqo-nkqubo kwixesha lethu ledijithali elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza.
Isakhelo sivavanya amandla e-AI kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo ngokusebenzisa ilensi ebanzi, ebandakanya impilo yoluntu kunye nentlalontle kunye nezinto zangaphandle ezifana nezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Eminye imiba yoluhlu lokukhangela inokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi kunabanye, kuxhomekeke kumxholo, kodwa izigqibo ezingcono zibonakala zinokwenzeka ukuba zonke iindawo zicatshangelwa, nokuba ezinye zinokuchongwa ngokukhawuleza njengezingabalulekanga kwiimeko ezithile. Eli lixabiso lendalo lendlela yoluhlu lokutshekisha.
“Kwixesha eliphawulwa lutshintsho olukhawulezayo lobuchwepheshe kunye nemingeni entsonkothileyo yehlabathi, isakhelo se-ISC sohlalutyo olubanzi nolubanzi lweempembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho sixhobisa iinkokeli ukuba zenze izigqibo ezinolwazi, nezinoxanduva. Iqinisekisa ukuba njengoko sihambela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, sikwenza oko ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo iimpembelelo zokuziphatha, ezentlalo, kunye nezoqoqosho”.
Peter Gluckman, uMongameli we-ISC
Ngelixa imigaqo ekumgangatho ophezulu iye yabhengezwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD, iKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye ne-UN, phakathi kwezinye, kunye neengxoxo ezahlukeneyo eziqhubekayo malunga nemiba yolawulo olunokubakho, ulawulo, imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nokhuseleko, kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwemigaqo enjalo kunye ulawulo okanye isikhokelo solawulo. I-ISC ilungisa le mfuno ngesikhokelo sayo esitsha sabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo.
Esi sikhokelo sabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo asenzelwanga ukumisela ulawulo lolawulo, kodwa kunokuba sicebise isikhokelo sohlalutyo esiguquguqukayo esinokuthi sixhase naluphi na uhlolo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezinokuthi ziphuhliswe ngabachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa oorhulumente kunye nenkqubo yamazwe amaninzi.
"Isakhelo linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwincoko yehlabathi jikelele kwi-AI njengoko ibonelela ngesiseko apho sinokuthi sakhe isivumelwano malunga neempembelelo zobuchwepheshe ngoku kunye nakwixesha elizayo".
UHema Sridhar, uMcebisi oyiNtloko weSayensi, uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, eNew Zealand kwaye ngoku uPhando oluPhezulu Fellow, IYunivesithi yaseAuckland, eNew Zealand.
Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha wama-2023, kubekho amanyathelo abalulekileyo esizwe nawezizwe ngezizwe ngokuqwalaselwa ngakumbi kweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nokhuseleko lwe-AI. Iimpembelelo ze-AI kwimfezeko yezinye zeenkqubo zethu ezibalulekileyo, ezibandakanya ezemali, urhulumente, ezomthetho nezemfundo, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi (kubandakanywa nolwazi lwenzululwazi kunye nolwazi lwemveli), ziyaxhalabisa. Isakhelo sibonakalisa ngakumbi le miba.
Ingxelo efunyenwe kuMalungu e-ISC kunye noluntu lokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe ngamazwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibonakaliswe kwinguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yesakhelo sohlalutyo, ngoku esikhutshwe njengesikhokelo kubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo.
Isikhokelo sabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo: Ukuphonononga itekhnoloji ephuhla ngokukhawuleza kubandakanya i-AI, iimodeli ezinkulu zeelwimi nangaphaya.
Eli phepha leengxoxo libonelela ngenkcazo yesikhokelo sokuqala sokwazisa iingxoxo ezininzi zehlabathi nezesizwe ezenzekayo ezinxulumene ne-AI.
Khuphela isakhelo sokusetyenziswa kumbutho wakho
Apha sibonelela ngesixhobo sesakhelo njengephepha elihlelekayo le-Excel ukuze lisetyenziswe kumbutho wakho. Ukuba ukhetha ifomathi yomthombo ovulekileyo, nceda uqhagamshelane secretariat@council.science.
intshayelelo
Ubuchwepheshe obuvela ngokukhawuleza bubonisa imiba ecela umngeni xa kuziwa ekusebenziseni kwabo, ulawulo kunye nolawulo olunokubakho. Umgaqo-nkqubo oqhubekayo kunye neengxoxo zoluntu malunga nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwazisa le miba kwingqwalasela ebukhali. Imigaqo ebanzi ye-AI iye yabhengezwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD, i-UN kunye nabanye, kubandakanywa ne-United Kingdom's Bletchley Declaration, kwaye kukho iinzame zokulawula ezikhulayo zokulawula imiba yeteknoloji ngokusebenzisa, umzekelo, i-European Union (EU) AI. Umthetho okanye uMyalelo weSigqeba we-AI wase-United States.
Ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe-AI kuxoxwa ngobude kula nakwamanye amaqonga, kuzo zonke iiyantlukwano ngokwezelizwe nakumazwe kuwo onke amanqanaba engeniso, kusekho umsantsa we-ontological phakathi kophuhliso lwemigaqo yenqanaba eliphezulu kunye nokufakwa kwayo ekusebenzeni ngolawulo, umgaqo-nkqubo, ulawulo. okanye iindlela zobugosa. Indlela esuka kumgaqo ukuya ekusebenzeni ayichazwanga kakuhle, kodwa inikwe uhlobo kunye ne-cadence yophuhliso lwe-AI kunye nokusetyenziswa, iindidi zomdla obandakanyekayo kunye noluhlu lwezicelo ezinokwenzeka, nayiphi na indlela ayinakuba yinto eqhelekileyo okanye emiselweyo.
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, uluntu lwenzululwazi engekho phantsi kukarhulumente luyaqhubeka ukudlala indima ethile. IBhunga lezeNzululwazi laMazwe ngaMazwe (ISC) - kunye nobulungu bayo obuninzi obuvela kwintlalo kunye nesayensi yendalo - ikhuphe iphepha leengxoxo ngo-Oktobha 2023 libonisa isakhelo sokuqala sohlalutyo esiqwalasela imingcipheko, iinzuzo, izoyikiso kunye namathuba ahambelana nobuchwepheshe bedijithali obuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Ngelixa yaphuhliswa ukuba ithathele ingqalelo i-AI, yitekhnoloji yendalo eyi-agnostic kwaye ingasetyenziswa kuluhlu lwetekhnoloji ezisakhulayo kunye neziphazamisayo, ezifana nebhayoloji yokwenziwa kunye ne-quantum. Elo phepha lengxoxo limema ingxelo evela kwizifundiswa nakubaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo. Ingxelo eyothusayo yenze ukuba uhlalutyo olunjalo lube yimfuneko kwaye yema njengendlela exabisekileyo yokujongana neetekhnoloji ezivelayo njenge-AI.
Injongo yesakhelo kukubonelela ngesixhobo sokwazisa bonke abachaphazelekayo - kubandakanywa oorhulumente, abathethi-thethwano zorhwebo, abalawuli, uluntu kunye noshishino - ngendaleko yezi teknoloji ukubanceda baqulunqe indlela abanokuqwalasela ngayo iziphumo, ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi, ze itekhnoloji ngokwayo, kwaye ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwayo okukhethekileyo. Esi sikhokelo socazululo siphuhlisiwe asixhomekekanga kurhulumente nakwimidla yoshishino. Inezininzi kakhulu kwiimbono zayo, equka yonke imiba yethekhinoloji kunye neziphumo zayo ezisekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe olubanzi kunye nengxelo.
Eli phepha leengxoxo labaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo alijongelwanga ukumisela ulawulo lolawulo, kodwa kunoko licebisa isikhokelo sohlalutyo esiguquguqukayo esinokuthi sixhase naluphi na uhlolo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ezinokuthi ziphuhliswe ngabachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa oorhulumente kunye nenkqubo yamazwe amaninzi.
Njengabenzi bezigqibo emhlabeni jikelele nakwilizwe lonke baqwalasela izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye ne-levers ukulinganisa ingozi kunye nemivuzo yeteknoloji entsha efana ne-AI, isakhelo sohlalutyo sijoliswe njengesixhobo esongezelelweyo sokuqinisekisa ukuba i-suite epheleleyo yeempembelelo ezinokuthi zibonakaliswe ngokwaneleyo.
Imvelaphi: kutheni isakhelo sohlalutyo?
Ukuvela ngokukhawuleza kobuchwepheshe obunobunzima kunye neempembelelo ze-AI kuqhuba amabango amaninzi enzuzo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ikwaxhokonxa uloyiko lomngcipheko omkhulu, ukusuka kumntu ukuya kwinqanaba le-geostrategic.1 Ubuninzi bengxoxo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku sele kujongwe ngendlela yokubini njengoko iimbono ezivakaliswe esidlangalaleni zithande ukwenzeka kwiziphelo ezigqithisileyo zespectrum. Amabango enzelwe okanye ngokuchasene ne-AI ahlala e-hyperbolic kwaye - anikwe ubume bethekhinoloji - kunzima ukuyihlola.
Indlela yepragmatic ngakumbi iyimfuneko apho i-hyperbole itshintshwa ngovavanyo olulungelelanisiweyo kunye novavanyo olungaphezulu lwegranular. Itekhnoloji ye-AI iya kuqhubeka nokuvela, kwaye imbali ibonisa ukuba phantse yonke itekhnoloji inosetyenziso oluluncedo noluyingozi. Umbuzo ke ngoko: sinokufikelela njani kwiziphumo ezinenzuzo kule teknoloji, ngelixa sinciphisa umngcipheko wemiphumo eyingozi, ezinye zazo ezinokuthi zibekho kubukhulu?
Ikamva lihlala lingaqinisekanga, kodwa kukho amazwi athembekileyo kunye neengcali ezaneleyo malunga ne-AI kunye ne-AI yokuvelisa ukukhuthaza indlela yokhuseleko. Ukongeza, indlela yenkqubo iyimfuneko njengoko i-AI iyiklasi yetekhnoloji enokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa ziintlobo ezininzi zabasebenzisi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umxholo opheleleyo kufuneka uqwalaselwe xa kuqwalaselwa iimpembelelo zayo nayiphi na i-AI yokusetyenziswa kwabantu, ubomi bentlalo, ubomi boluntu, ubomi boluntu kunye nomxholo wehlabathi.
Ngokungafaniyo nobuninzi bobunye ubuchwephesha, kwitekhnoloji yedijithali kunye nokunxibelelana, ixesha phakathi kophuhliso, ukukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa lifutshane kakhulu, liqhutywa ikakhulu yimidla yeenkampani zemveliso okanye iiarhente. Ngokwendalo yayo - kwaye inikwe isekelwe kwi-digital backbone - i-AI iya kuba nezicelo ezixhaphake ngokukhawuleza, njengoko sele kubonwe ngophuhliso lwemizekelo emikhulu yeelwimi. Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iipropathi zinokubonakala kuphela emva kokukhululwa, okuthetha ukuba kukho umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, zombini ezikhohlakeleyo nezinobubele.
Imilinganiselo yemilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yoluntu, ngakumbi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkcubeko, iya kuba nefuthe kwindlela naluphi na usetyenziso olubonwa kwaye lwamkelwe ngayo. Ngaphaya koko, umdla we-geostrategic sele ulawula iingxoxo, kunye nemidla ezimeleyo kunye neyezizwe ngezizwe ehlala ihlangana kwaye ngaloo ndlela iqhuba ukhuphiswano kunye neyantlukwano.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lolawulo lwetekhnoloji ebonakalayo lubonwe ubukhulu becala ngelensi 'yemigaqo' kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokuzithandela, nangona umthetho we-EU AI.2 kwaye ngokufanayo sibona utshintsho kwimimiselo enyanzeliswa ngakumbi kodwa emxinwa. Ukuseka ulawulo olusebenzayo lweteknoloji yehlabathi okanye yesizwe kunye/okanye inkqubo yolawulo kuhlala kungumngeni kwaye akukho sisombululo sicacileyo. Kuya kufuneka iileya ezininzi zokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezinolwazi ngomngcipheko ecaleni kwekhonkco, ukusuka kumqambi ukuya kumvelisi, ukuya kumsebenzisi, ukuya kurhulumente kunye nenkqubo yamazwe amaninzi.
Ngelixa imigaqo ekumgangatho ophezulu iye yabhengezwa yi-UNESCO, i-OECD, iKhomishini yaseYurophu kunye ne-UN, phakathi kwezinye, kunye neengxoxo ezahlukeneyo eziphakamileyo eziqhubekayo malunga nemiba yolawulo olunokubakho, ukulawulwa, ukuziphatha kunye nokhuseleko, kukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi kwezinto ezinjalo. Imigaqo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo okanye yolawulo. Oku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe.
Njengesiqalo, i-ISC iqwalasela ukuphuhlisa i-taxonomy yengqwalasela ukuba nawuphi na umphuhlisi, umlawuli, umcebisi wemigaqo-nkqubo, umthengi okanye umenzi wesigqibo anokuthi abhekiselele. Xa kujongwe iimpembelelo ezibanzi zezi teknoloji, i-taxonomy enjalo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo epheleleyo yeziphumo endaweni yokugxila kancinci. Ukuqhekeka kwehlabathi kuyanda ngenxa yempembelelo yomdla we-geostrategic ekwenzeni izigqibo, kwaye kunikwe ukungxamiseka kobu bugcisa, kubalulekile ukuba amazwi azimeleyo nangathathi hlangothi aqhubeke elwela indlela emanyeneyo nebandakanyayo.
1) Amaxesha eHindustan. 2023. I-G20 mayiseke iphaneli yamazwe ngamazwe ngotshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe.
https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/g20-must-set-up-an-international-panel-on-technological-change-101679237287848.html
2) Umthetho we-EU Artificial Intelligence Act. 2023. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu
Ukuphuhliswa kwesakhelo sohlalutyo
I-ISC ngowona mbutho uphambili wehlabathi ongekho phantsi kukarhulumente odibanisa inzululwazi yendalo kunye nezentlalo. Ukufikelela kwayo kwihlabathi kunye noluleko kuthetha ukuba ibekwe kakuhle ukuvelisa iingcebiso ezizimeleyo kunye nehlabathi jikelele ukwazisa ukhetho olunzima oluzayo, ngakumbi njengoko amazwi akhoyo kule ndawo ubukhulu becala avela kushishino okanye kumgaqo-nkqubo kunye noluntu lwezopolitiko lwamagunya amakhulu ezobuchwepheshe.
Ukulandela ixesha lengxoxo ebanzi, ebandakanya ukuqwalaselwa kwenkqubo yovavanyo olungekho phantsi kukarhulumente, i-ISC yagqiba kwelokuba igalelo layo eliluncedo kakhulu liya kuba kukuvelisa isakhelo socazululo esiguquguqukayo esinokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sentetho kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ngabo bonke. abachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa ngexesha lazo naziphi na iinkqubo zovavanyo olusesikweni ezivelayo.
Isikhokelo socazululo sokuqala, esakhutshwa ukuba kuxoxwe ngaso kunye nengxelo ngo-Okthobha wama-2023, sithathe imo yoluhlu lokuhlola olubanzi oluyilelwe ukusetyenziswa ngamaziko karhulumente kunye namaziko angekho phantsi kukarhulumente. Isakhelo sichonge saza saphonononga amandla obuchwepheshe obufana ne-AI kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo ngokusebenzisa ilensi ebanzi equka intlalontle yoluntu kunye noluntu, kunye nezinto zangaphandle ezifana nezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Eminye imiba yoluhlu lokukhangela inokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi kunabanye, kuxhomekeke kumxholo, kodwa izigqibo ezingcono zibonakala zinokwenzeka ukuba zonke iindawo zicatshangelwa, nokuba ezinye zinokuchongwa ngokukhawuleza njengezingabalulekanga kwiimeko ezithile. Eli lixabiso lendalo lendlela yoluhlu lokutshekisha.
Isakhelo sokuqala sithatyathwe kumsebenzi wangaphambili kunye nokucinga, kubandakanywa uThungelwano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lweNgcebiso yeNzululwazi kaRhulumente (INGSA) kwingxelo ye-digital wellbeing3 kunye neNkqubo-sikhokelo ye-OECD yoLwahlulo lweeNkqubo ze-AI,4 ukubonisa ukugqibelela kwamathuba anokubakho, imingcipheko kunye neempembelelo ye AI. Ezi mveliso zangaphambili bezithintelwe ngakumbi kwinjongo yazo ngokunikwa ixesha kunye nomxholo; kukho imfuneko yenkqubo-sikhokelo ebanzi ebonisa uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemiba kwixesha elifutshane nelide.
Ukususela ekukhululweni kwayo, iphepha leengxoxo lifumene inkxaso ebalulekileyo kwiingcali ezininzi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Abaninzi baye bavuma ngokukodwa isincomo sokuphuhlisa isakhelo esilungelelanisayo esivumela ukuqwalaselwa kwangabom kunye nokukhawulezayo malunga neengozi kunye neziphumo zeteknoloji, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, ihlala iqwalasela imilinganiselo epheleleyo ukusuka kumntu ukuya kuluntu kunye neenkqubo.
Olunye uqwalaselo oluphambili olwenziweyo ngengxelo yayikukuvunywa ukuba uninzi lweziphumo ezijongwayo kwisakhelo zinamabakala amaninzi kwaye zandiswe kwiindidi ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-disinformation inokuqwalaselwa ukusuka kwilensi yomntu kunye neye-geostrategic; ngoko ke, iziphumo ziya kuba zibanzi.
Inketho yokubandakanya izifundo zemizekelo okanye imizekelo yokuvavanya isakhelo nayo yacetyiswa. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa izikhokelo ukubonisa indlela enokusetyenziswa ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kuba sisenzo esibalulekileyo kwaye kunokukhawulela indlela amaqela ahlukeneyo abona ngayo ukusetyenziswa kwesi sikhokelo. Yenziwa ngcono ngabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo abasebenza neengcali kwiindawo ezithile okanye kwiimeko ezithile.
Ukusukela ngo-Okthobha wama-2023, kubekho amanyathelo abalulekileyo esizwe nawezizwe ngezizwe ngokuqwalaselwa ngakumbi kweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nokhuseleko lwe-AI. Iimpembelelo ze-AI kwimfezeko yezinye zeenkqubo zethu ezibalulekileyo, ezibandakanya ezemali, urhulumente, ezomthetho nezemfundo, kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi (kubandakanywa nolwazi lwenzululwazi kunye nolwazi lwemveli), ziyaxhalabisa. Isakhelo esihlaziyiweyo sibonisa ngakumbi le miba.
Ingxelo efunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibonakaliswe kuguqulelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwesakhelo sohlalutyo, esikhutshwe ngoku njengesikhokelo kubaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo.
Ngelixa isakhelo sinikezelwe kumxholo we-AI kunye neetekhnoloji ezinxulumeneyo, sigqithiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwingqwalasela yobunye ubugcisa obuvela ngokukhawuleza obufana ne-quantum kunye ne-synthetic biology.
3) Gluckman, P. kunye no-Allen, K. 2018. Ukuqonda intlalontle kwimeko yedijithali ekhawulezayo kunye nokuguqulwa okuhambelanayo. INGSA.
https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
4) I-OECD. 2022. Isakhelo se-OECD soHlelo lweenkqubo ze-AI. Amaphepha e-OECD Digital Economy, No. 323, #. EParis, iOECD yokuPapasha.
https://oecd.ai/en/classificatio
Isakhelo
Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa imilinganiselo yesakhelo socazululo lokubeka. Kunikiwe imizekelo ukubonisa ukuba kutheni ummandla ngamnye unokubaluleka; ngokomxholo, isakhelo siya kufuna ukwandiswa okufanelekileyo ngokomxholo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi kwemiba eqhelekileyo evela ngexesha lophuhliso lweqonga kunye naleyo inokuvela ngexesha lezicelo ezithile. Akukho ngqwalasela enye ibandakanyiweyo apha kufuneka ithathwe njengento ephambili kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yonke into kufuneka ihlolwe.
Le miba ihlelwe ngokubanzi ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo njengoko kuchaziwe ngezantsi:
Itheyibhile inika iinkcukacha ngemilinganiselo enokufuneka ukuba iqwalaselwe xa kuvavanywa iteknoloji entsha.
– INGSA. 2018. Ukuqonda impilo-ntle kwimeko yotshintsho olukhawulezayo lwedijithali kunye noluhambelanayo.
https://ingsa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/INGSA-Digital-Wellbeing-Sept18.pdf
– Iinkcazelo ezintsha (ezifunyenwe ngokubonisana okubanzi kunye nempendulo kunye nophononongo loncwadi)
– Isakhelo se-OECD soHlelo lweeNkqubo ze-AI: isixhobo semigaqo-nkqubo ye-AI esebenzayo.
https://oecd.ai/en/classification
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Ubuchule babasebenzisi be-AI | Ingaba banobuchule kwaye bazazi kangakanani iipropathi zenkqubo abona basebenzisi banokusebenzisana nenkqubo? Baza kunikwa njani ulwazi olufanelekileyo lomsebenzisi kunye nezilumkiso? |
| Abathathi-nxaxheba abachaphazelekayo | Ngoobani abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili abazakuchatshazelwa yinkqubo (abantu ngabanye, uluntu, abantu abasesichengeni, abasebenzi bamacandelo, abantwana, abaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo, iingcali njl.njl.)? |
| Ukhetho | Ngaba abasebenzisi banikwe ithuba lokuphuma kwinkqubo okanye banikwa amathuba okucela umngeni okanye ukulungisa isiphumo? |
| Imingcipheko kumalungelo oluntu kunye neenqobo zedemokhrasi | Ingaba le nkqubo inefuthe elikhulu kumalungelo oluntu, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kubumfihlo, inkululeko yokuthetha, ubulungisa, ukungacaluli njalo njalo? |
| Iziphumo ezinokuthi zibekho kwintlalontle yabantu | Ngaba imimandla yeempembelelo zesistim inxulumene nempilontle yomntu ngamnye (umgangatho womsebenzi, imfundo, unxibelelwano loluntu, impilo yengqondo, ukuzazi, okusingqongileyo njl.njl.)? |
| Ukubakho kokufuduswa kwabantu emsebenzini | Ngaba ikho indlela yokuba le nkqubo izenzele ngokuzenzekelayo imisebenzi okanye imisebenzi ebisenziwa ngabantu? Ukuba kunjalo, zithini iziphumo zomlambo? |
| Ukubanakho ukuzazisi, iinqobo ezisemgangathweni okanye ukukhohlisa ulwazi | Ingaba inkqubo iyilwe okanye iyakwazi ukukhohlisa isazisi somsebenzisi okanye amaxabiso abekiwe, okanye asasaze ulwazi olungachananga? |
| Amathuba okuziveza kunye nokuzibonakalisa | Ngaba kukho ubuchule bobugcisa kunye nokuzithemba? Ngaba kukho ithuba lobuxoki okanye amabango obuchwephesha angenakuqinisekiswa? |
| Amanyathelo okuzixabisa | Ngaba kukho uxinzelelo lokubonisa umntu ozicingelayo? Ngaba i-automation ingathatha indawo yemvakalelo yenzaliseko yobuqu? Ngaba kukho uxinzelelo lokukhuphisana nenkqubo kwi emsebenzini? Ngaba isidima somntu sinzima ngakumbi ukukhusela ngokuchasene ne-disinformation? |
| Ukuba bucala | Ngaba kukho uxanduva olwahlukeneyo lokukhusela imfihlo kwaye lukhona na Iingqikelelo ezenziwayo malunga nendlela idatha yobuqu esetyenziswa ngayo? |
| Ukuzimela | Ngaba inkqubo ye-AI inokuchaphazela ukuzimela komntu ngokuvelisa ukuthembela ngokugqithisileyo ngo abasebenzisi bokugqibela? |
| Uphuhliso lomntu | Ngaba kukho impembelelo ekufumaneni izakhono eziphambili zophuhliso lwabantu, ezifana imisebenzi yesigqeba okanye izakhono zokusebenzisana nabanye, okanye utshintsho kwingqwalasela yexesha elichaphazelayo ukufunda, ukukhula kobuntu, iinkxalabo zempilo yengqondo njl.njl.? |
| Ukhathalelo lwempilo lomntu | Ngaba kukho amabango okuzixilonga okanye izisombululo zokhathalelo lwempilo olulolwakho? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba ziqinisekisiwe ngokwemigangatho yolawulo? |
| Impilo Yengqondo | Ngaba kukho umngcipheko wokwanda kokuxhalaba, isithukuthezi okanye eminye imiba yempilo yengqondo, okanye ingaba itekhnoloji inokuziphucula iimpembelelo ezinjalo? |
| Indaleko yomntu | Ngaba iimodeli ezinkulu zolwimi kunye nobukrelekrele jikelele bokwenziwa bungayitshintsha ngendaleko yabantu? |
| Ukusebenzisana noomatshini bomntu | Ngaba ukusetyenziswa kungakhokelela ekunciphiseni izakhono kunye nokuxhomekeka ekuhambeni kwexesha kumntu ngamnye? Ngaba kukho iimpembelelo kwintsebenziswano yabantu? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Iinqobo zoluntu | Ngaba inkqubo itshintsha ngokusisiseko ubume boluntu, ivumela uhlengahlengiso lweembono ebezikade zithathwa njengezichasene nentlalontle, okanye ukwaphulwa kwemilinganiselo yenkcubeko esetyenziswa kuyo? |
| Unxibelelwano lwasentlalweni | Ngaba kukho impembelelo kunxibelelwano olunentsingiselo phakathi kwabantu, kuquka nolwalamano lweemvakalelo? |
| Impilo yabemi | Ngaba kukho ukubakho kwenkqubo ukuqhubela phambili okanye ukujongela phantsi iinjongo zempilo yabemi? |
| Ukubonakaliswa kwenkcubeko | Ngaba ukwanda kolwahlulo lwenkcubeko okanye ucalucalulo kunokwenzeka okanye kunzima kakhulu ukulungisa? Ngaba ukuthembela kwinkqubo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo kukhuphela ecaleni okanye kujongela phantsi amaqhina amacandelo afanelekileyo ngokwenkcubeko yoluntu? |
| Imfundo yoluntu | Ngaba kukho ifuthe kwiindima zootitshala okanye kumaziko emfundo? Ngaba inkqubo igxininisa okanye iyanciphisa ukwahlukana kwedijithali kunye nokungalingani phakathi kwabafundi? Ngaba ixabiso elingaphakathi lolwazi okanye ukuqonda okunzulu kuhambele phambili okanye kujongelwe phantsi? |
| Iinyaniso ezigqwethiweyo | Ngaba iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukubona into eyinyani zisasebenza? Ngaba imbono yenyaniso isengozini? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Icandelo lezoshishino | Yeyiphi icandelo lezemveliso le nkqubo isetyenziswayo (imali, ezolimo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, ukhuselo njl.njl.)? |
| Imodeli yeshishini | Inkqubo iqeshwe kweliphi ishishini kwaye ikwesiphi isikhundla? Isetyenziswa phi inkqubo (eyabucala, kawonke-wonke, engenzi ngeniso)? |
| Iimpembelelo kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo | Ngaba ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wenkqubo okanye umsebenzi kunokuchaphazela iinkonzo ezibalulekileyo okanye iziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo? |
| Ububanzi bokusasazwa | Ingaba le nkqubo isetyenziswa njani (ukusetyenziswa okumxinwa ngaphakathi kweyunithi vs. kuxhaphake kuzwelonke/kumazwe ngamazwe)? |
| Ukuvuthwa kobugcisa | Ikhule kangakanani le nkqubo? |
| Ukungasebenzi | Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iisilos, kuzwelonke okanye kwihlabathi jikelele, ezithintela urhwebo lwasimahla kunye nefuthe lentsebenziswano namahlakani? |
| Ulongamo lobuchwephesha | Ngaba umnqweno wokuziphatha kolongamo lwetekhnoloji yokuqhuba, kubandakanya nolawulo kulo lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela nge-AI? |
| Ukwabiwa kwakhona kwengeniso kunye nemigangatho yemali yesizwe | Ngaba iindima ezingundoqo zorhulumente ozimeleyo zinokuthotywa (umzekelo, iibhanki ezigcina imali)? Ngaba isakhono sikarhulumente sokuhlangabezana nokulindelekileyo kwabemi kunye neziphumo (ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko njl.njl.) ziya phambili okanye zincitshiswe? |
| Ukwahlulahlula kwedijithali (ukwahlulahlula i-AI) | Ngaba ukungalingani kwedijithali okukhoyo kuye kwandiswa okanye kwenziwa ezintsha? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Ulawulo kunye nenkonzo yoluntu | Ngaba iindlela zolawulo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwehlabathi inokuchaphazeleka kakuhle okanye kakubi? |
| Iindaba zeendaba | Ngaba iintetho zesidlangalala zisenokwahlulwa kwaye zimiliselwe kwinqanaba labemi? Ngaba kuya kubakho umphumo kumanqanaba okuthembana kwi-Fourth Estate? Ngaba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha yesiqhelo yeentatheli kunye nemigangatho yemfezeko iya kuchaphazeleka ngakumbi? |
| Umgaqo WOMTHETHO | Ngaba kuya kuba nefuthe ekukwazini ukuchonga abantu okanye imibutho ukuba ibambe uxanduva (umzekelo, luhlobo luni lokuphendula lokunika i-algorithm yeziphumo ezibi)? Ngaba kukho ilahleko yolongamo eyenziweyo (esingqongileyo, ezemali, umgaqo-nkqubo wentlalontle, imigaqo yokuziphatha njl.njl.)? |
| Ezopolitiko kunye nentsebenziswano yoluntu | Ngaba likhona ithuba leembono zezopolitiko ezimiliselwe ngakumbi kunye nethuba elincinci lokwakha isivumelwano? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba amanye amaqela angajongelwa phantsi? Ngaba iindlela zokuchasa kwezopolitiko zenziwa ukuba kwenzeke ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi? |
| Ilayisensi yentlalontle | Ngaba kukho iinkxalabo zabucala, imiba yentembeko kunye neenkxalabo zokuziphatha ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukwamkelwa kokusetyenziswa? |
| Ulwazi lwemveli | Ngaba ulwazi lwemveli kunye neenkcukacha zinokonakala okanye zisetyenziswe gwenxa? Ngaba kukho imilinganiselo eyaneleyo yokukhusela ekuxoxweni ngendlela engeyiyo, kulwazi olungelulo kunye nokuxhatshazwa? |
| Inkqubo yesayensi | Ngaba imfezeko yemfundo nophando ibekwe esichengeni? Ngaba kukho ukuphelelwa yithemba kwinzululwazi? Ngaba kukho amathuba okusetyenziswa kakubi, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukuxhatshazwa? Uyintoni umphumo woqheliselo lwenzululwazi? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Ucupho oluchanekileyo | Ngaba iinkqubo ziqeqeshelwe kwidatha yokuziphatha kunye neyebhayoloji kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuxhaphaza abantu okanye amaqela? |
| Ukhuphiswano lwedijithali | Ngaba abathathi-nxaxheba bakarhulumente okanye abangekho phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente (umz. iinkampani ezinkulu zeteknoloji) zingasebenzisa iinkqubo neenkcukacha ukuqonda nokulawula abemi bamanye amazwe kunye nenkqubo yendalo, okanye bajongele phantsi ulawulo lolawulo? |
| Ukhuphiswano lwezopolitiko | Ngaba le nkqubo ingaluvuselela ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezizwe malunga nokusebenzisa idatha yomntu ngamnye neyeqela kuqoqosho, ezonyango kunye nezokhuseleko? |
| Shift kumagunya ehlabathi | Ngaba imeko yamazwe-ngamazwe njengabadlali behlabathi abaphambili bezopolitiko baphantsi kwesisongelo? Ngaba iinkampani zetekhnoloji zisebenzisa amandla xa ebegcinelwe amazwe-amazwe kwaye ziye zaba ngabadlali abazimeleyo, abazimeleyo (abasakhulayo be-technopolar world order)? |
| Disinformation | Ngaba inkqubo iya kuququzelela ukuveliswa kunye nokusasazwa kokusasazwa kolwazi ngabadlali bakarhulumente nabangengawo karhulumente abanefuthe kubumbano loluntu, ukuthembana kunye nedemokhrasi? |
| Izicelo ezisetyenziswa kabini | Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba zombini izicelo zomkhosi kunye nokusetyenziswa koluntu? |
| Ukuqhekeka komyalelo wehlabathi | Ngaba iisilos okanye amaqela olawulo kunye nokuthotyelwa aphuhla athintela intsebenziswano, akhokelela ekungahambelani kwesicelo kunye nokudala indawo yokungquzulana? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nobutyebi (i-carbon footprint) | Ngaba inkqubo kunye neemfuno ziyakwandisa ukuthatyathwa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kobutyebi ngaphezu kweenzuzo zobuchule ezifunyenwe ngesicelo? |
| Umthombo wamandla | Afumaneka phi amandla ale nkqubo (ahlaziyekayo xa ethelekiswa namafutha efosili njl.njl.)? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Isikhokelo kunye nokuqokelelwa | Ngaba idatha kunye negalelo eliqokelelwe ngabantu, i-automated sensors okanye zombini? |
| Ubungqina bedatha | Ngaba idatha kunye negalelo leengcaphephe linikiwe, lijongiwe, lenziwe okanye lithatyathwe? Ngaba kukho ukukhuselwa kwe-watermark ukuqinisekisa ukuvela? |
| Ubume bedatha obunamandla | Ngaba idatha iguquguqukayo, imile, ihlaziywa ngamaxesha ngamaxesha okanye ngexesha lokwenyani? |
| Amalungelo | Ingaba idatha yeyomnini, kawonke-wonke okanye yobuqu (inxulumene nabantu abanokuchongeka)? |
| Ukuchongwa kunye nedatha yobuqu | Ukuba yeyakho, ngaba idata ayichazwanga okanye yenziwe pseudonym? |
| Ubume bedatha | Ngaba idatha yakhiwe, isiqingatha-yakhiwe, intsonkothile yakhiwe okanye ayakhiwanga? |
| Ubume bedatha | Ngaba ifomathi yedatha kunye nemetadata isemgangathweni okanye ayimiselwanga? |
| Ubungakanani bedatha | Yintoni isikali sedathasethi? |
| Ukufaneleka kunye nomgangatho wedatha | Ngaba iseti yedatha iyifanele injongo? Ngaba isayizi yesampulu yanele? Ngaba imele kwaye iphelele ngokwaneleyo? Ingxola kangakanani idatha? Ngaba ikho impazamo? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Ukufumaneka kolwazi | Ngaba naluphi na ulwazi olukhoyo malunga nemodeli yenkqubo? |
| Uhlobo lwemodeli ye-AI | Ngaba imodeli iyisimboli (imithetho eyenziwe ngabantu), izibalo (isebenzisa idatha) okanye i-hybrid? |
| Amalungelo anxulumene nemodeli | Ngaba imodeli-yemvelaphi evulekileyo okanye yeyobunikazi, yobuqu okanye yomntu wesithathu ilawulwa? |
| Inye kwiimodeli ezininzi | Ingaba inkqubo yenziwe yimodeli enye okanye imifuziselo emininzi edityanisiweyo? |
| Ukuvelisa okanye ukucalula | Ngaba imodeli iyavelisa, iyacalula okanye zombini? |
| Ukwakhiwa kwemodeli | Ngaba inkqubo ifunda ngokusekelwe kwimithetho ebhalwe ngabantu, kwidatha, ngokufunda okugadwayo okanye ngokufunda okomeleza? |
| imodeli evolution (AI drift) | Ngaba imodeli iyavela kunye / okanye ifumana izakhono ekusebenzisaneni nedatha ebaleni? |
| Imfundo edibeneyo okanye esembindini | Ingaba imodeli iqeqeshelwe kwindawo esembindini okanye kwiiseva ezininzi zasekuhlaleni okanye izixhobo 'zomphetho'? |
| Uphuhliso/ulondolozo | Ngaba imodeli yendalo yonke, inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso okanye ilungiselelwe idatha yomdlali we-AI? |
| Ukumisela okanye okunokwenzeka | Ingaba imodeli isetyenziswa ngendlela enokumiselwa okanye enokwenzeka? |
| Umzekelo obala | Ngaba ulwazi luyafumaneka kubasebenzisi ukubavumela ukuba baqonde iziphumo zemodeli kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukusebenzisa imiqobo? |
| Umda wokubala | Ngaba kukho imida yokubala kwinkqubo? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuqikelela ukubanakho ukutsiba okanye imithetho yokukala? |
| Criteria | Imizekelo yendlela oku kunokubonakaliswa ngayo kuhlalutyo |
| Umsebenzi (imi) owenziwa yinkqubo | Yeyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yinkqubo (ukuqaphela, ukubonwa kwesiganeko, ukubikezela njl.)? |
| Ukudibanisa imisebenzi kunye nezenzo | Ngaba inkqubo idibanisa imisebenzi emininzi kunye nezenzo (iinkqubo zokuvelisa umxholo, iinkqubo ezizimeleyo, iinkqubo zokulawula njl.)? |
| Inqanaba lenkqubo yokuzimela | Zizimele kangakanani izenzo zenkqubo kwaye yiyiphi indima edlalwa ngabantu? |
| Inqanaba lokubandakanyeka komntu | Ngaba kukho ukubandakanyeka komntu ukujonga umsebenzi jikelele wenkqubo ye-AI kunye nokukwazi ukugqiba nini kwaye njani ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-AI kuyo nayiphi na imeko? |
| Usetyenziso olungundoqo | Ngaba le nkqubo yeyommandla wosetyenziso olungundoqo olufana nobuchwepheshe bolwimi lwabantu, umbono wekhompyutha, ukuzenzela kunye/okanye ukwenziwa ngcono okanye iirobhothi? |
| Evaluation | Ngaba imigangatho okanye iindlela ezikhoyo zokuvavanya imveliso yenkqubo? |
Sinokusetyenziswa njani esi sikhokelo?
Esi sikhokelo sinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanywa:
Indlela eya phambili
Isishwankathelo, isakhelo socazululo sinikezelwe njengesiseko sezixhobo zokusebenza ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngabachaphazelekayo ukujonga ngokubanzi kulo naluphi na uphuhliso olubalulekileyo nokuba ngamaqonga okanye ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engaguqukiyo necwangcisiweyo. Imilinganiselo ethiwe thaca kwesi sikhokelo inokufaneleka ukusuka kuvavanyo lwethekhnoloji ukuya kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, ukusuka kuphuhliso lwabantu ukuya kwinzululwazi yezentlalo, kunye nekamva kunye nezifundo zobuchwepheshe. Ngelixa iphuhliselwe i-AI, esi sikhokelo sohlalutyo sinesicelo esibanzi kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na enye iteknoloji evelayo.
Imibulelo
Abantu abaninzi kuye kwaboniswana nabo kwaye banikezela ngengxelo kuphuhliso lwephepha lengxoxo lokuqala kunye nengxelo emva kokukhutshwa kwalo. Omabini amaphepha abhalwe ngu Sir Peter Gluckman, uMongameli, i-ISC kunye noHema Sridhar, owayenguMcebisi oyiNtloko wezeNzululwazi, uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, eNew Zealand kwaye ngoku uPhando oluPhezulu Fellow, IYunivesithi yaseAuckland, eNew Zealand.
Ngokukodwa, i-ISC iNkosi uMartin Rees, owayenguMongameli weRoyal Society kunye noMseki-Mseki weZiko loFundo lweMingcipheko ekhoyo, iYunivesithi yaseCambridge; Unjingalwazi uShivaji Sondhi, uNjingalwazi weFiziksi, kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford; UNjingalwazi K Vijay Raghavan, owayesakuba nguMcebisi oyiNtloko kwezeNzululwazi kuRhulumente waseIndiya; Amandeep Singh Gill, uMthunywa kaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kuBuchwepheshe; Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, uMlawuli oyiNtloko, iZiko loFundo lweMingcipheko ekhoyo, iYunivesithi yaseCambridge; UMhlekazi uDavid Spiegelhalter, uNjingalwazi waseWinton weNgcaciso yoLuntu loMngcipheko, kwiYunivesithi
eCambridge; U-Amanda-Juni Brawner, uMcebisi wePolisi oMkhulu kunye no-Ian Wiggins, uMlawuli weMicimbi yamazwe ngamazwe, iRoyal Society, eUnited Kingdom; UGq Jerome Duberry, uMlawuli oLawulayo kunye noGq Marie-Laure Salles, uMlawuli, i-Geneva Graduate Institute; Chor Pharn Lee, iZiko leSicwangciso esiliQiniso, iOfisi yeNkulumbuso, eSingapore; Barend Mons kunye noGqr Simon Hodson, iKomiti yeeNkcukacha (CoDATA); UNjingalwazi uYuko Harayama, Owayesakuba nguMlawuli oyiNtloko, uRIKEN; UNjingalwazi
URémi Quirion, uMongameli we-INGSA; UGq Claire Craig, weDyunivesithi yaseOxford kunye nowayesakuba yiNtloko yoBugcisa, kwiOfisi kaRhulumente yezeNzululwazi; UNjing. Yoshua Bengio, uNobhala Jikelele we-UN kwiBhodi yeeNgcebiso zezeNzululwazi nakwi-Université de Montréal; kunye nabanye abaninzi abanike ingxelo kwi-ISC kwiphepha lokuqala lengxoxo.
Ukulungiselela i-National Research Ecosystems kwi-AI: Amaqhinga kunye nenkqubela phambili ngo-2024
Eli phepha lokusebenza liphuma kwitanki yokucinga ye-ISC, iZiko leFutures leNzululwazi, libonelela ngolwazi olusisiseko kunye nokufikelela kwimithombo evela kumazwe asuka kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi, kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okudibanisa i-AI kwizixokelelwano zabo zophando.
Ukwakha iinkqubo zenzululwazi ezilungele ikamva kuMzantsi weHlabathi
Ubuchwephesha obusakhulayo buyila ngokutsha indlela inzululwazi eqhutywa ngayo kwaye inika amandla abalulekileyo okomeleza iinkqubo zesayensi kwiGlobal South - ukuba ukwamkelwa kwazo kukhokelwa ziindlela ezibandakanyayo, ezixhaswa kakuhle, kunye nezinovakalelo nomxholo. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba obu bugcisa bunegalelo kwiinkqubo zesayensi ezinobulungisa ngakumbi nezomeleleyo, endaweni yokomeleza iyantlukwano ekhoyo, ibiyeyona nto kugxilwe kuyo ngoku kutsha nje kobuchule bokurhoxa.
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokutyhilwa kwe-AI kuphando: ukuya kumgangatho wengxelo wehlabathi
Funda ngakumbi malunga neNgxelo yoNyaka ka-2025
Funda okungakumbi malunga nokujolisa kukulingana ngokwesini kwimibutho yesayensi: uvavanyo kunye neengcebiso
Funda okungakumbi malunga neMuscat Global Knowledge Dialogue
