IArendal, eNorway — Okwenzekayo kwiindawo ezisemantla kuchaphazela wonke umntu. Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiArctic naseAntarctica — i-10% kuphela yeplanethi — luya kuyila ikamva lamanye ama-90%, luphembelela imozulu, amanqanaba olwandle, iinkqubo zokutya, ukhuseleko lwamanzi, izinto ezahlukeneyo, uqoqosho kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu kwihlabathi liphela. INkulumbuso yaseNorway uJonas Gahr Støre ubhengeze namhlanje eArendal ukuba iqumrhu lamazwe ngamazwe liza kubamba iOfisi yoQhagamshelwano lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICO) yoNyaka wesiHlanu weHlabathi wePolar (IPY-5) inyathelo lehlabathi eliza kwenzeka ngo-2032-33. Isekwe eTromsø, eNorway, i-ICO iza kulungelelanisa umzamo wehlabathi wokwakha ulwazi, ubudlelwane, ukuqina kunye namandla afunekayo kwimimandla yepolar ukuze iphumelele kwixesha elizayo elingaqinisekanga. Kwintetho yakhe, uStorøre ugxininise ukubaluleka kwentsebenziswano yesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe kwihlabathi elinoxinzelelo olukhulu nolwahlukileyo. INkulumbuso ikholelwa ukuba, ngokubamba i-ofisi yoonobhala kunye neChile kunye noMzantsi Korea, iTromsø iya kuba yintsika yento enokuba yeyona mzamo wophando lwamazwe ngamazwe ubalulekileyo kwixesha lethu.
Eli qela liquka iYunivesithi yaseArctic yaseNorway (UiT), iNorwegian Polar Institute (NPI), iKorea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), kunye neChilean Antarctic Institute (INACH), equka iYurophu, iAsia, kunye neMzantsi Melika kwaye idibanisa uluntu lophando oluvela kwiArctic naseAntarctic. INorway kunye ne-UiT ziya kusebenza njengomgcini-mhlaba we-ICO kunye nomnikeli ophambili wezemali, iofisi ephambili iseTromsø. Iiofisi ezimbini zengingqi ezibanjwe kwaye zixhaswe yi-KOPRI kunye ne-INACH nazo ziya kusekwa. Nangona isekwe kumazwekazi amathathu, i-ICO yenzelwe ukusebenza njengomzimba omnye odibanisayo, ithetha ngazwi linye kwaye iqinisekisa inkxaso eqhubekayo, iinkqubo zokuxhasa, kunye namathuba okuzibandakanya kuzo zonke iindawo. Iofisi iya kuxhaswa ngokupheleleyo ngebhajethi ye-$10 yezigidi zeedola kwiminyaka elithoba, ukuqala ngoJanuwari 1, 2027, kwaye iya kuxhasa iKomiti yoLawulo ye-IPY-5 kunye neQela loCwangciso kuyo yonke imiba enxulumene noNyaka wePolar waMazwe ngaMazwe ka-2032-33.
Iinkokeli zemibutho emine yamazwe ngamazwe ekhokela amalungiselelo e-IPY-5 — iKomiti yeSayensi yoPhando lwe-Antarctic (SCAR), iKomiti yeSayensi ye-Arctic yaMazwe ngaMazwe (IASC), iBhunga leSayensi yaMazwe ngaMazwe (ISC) kunye ne-World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) — zamkele esi sibhengezo, esihambelana neNkomfa yeSayensi eVulekileyo ye-SCAR e-Oslo.
Eyona nto iphambili kumyalelo we-ICO kukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bomthonyama bathatha inxaxheba kwaye bakhokela ngendlela enentsingiselo kunye nokubandakanywa kweenkqubo zolwazi lwemveli kulo lonke i-IPY-5. Igosa elizinikeleyo lonxibelelwano lwemveli liza kuba phakathi kwezikhundla ezimbini zokuqala zequmrhu. Iofisi iya kukhuthaza isayensi evulekileyo kwaye ixhase ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nobunkokeli babaphandi abasaqalayo.
“Ulwazi oluvela kuzo zombini iindawo ezisemantla lubonelela ngesiseko esikhethekileyo sokubona unxibelelwano olukhulu. Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe inegalelo kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba i-IPY-5 iba liqonga elidibanisayo nelibandakanyayo lophando nophuhliso lolwazi. Zimbalwa iindawo ehlabathini ezidibanisa iindawo ezimbini ezisemantla zomhlaba ngendlela enamandla kuneTromsø.” — Camilla Brekke, uMlawuli weNorwegian Polar Institute
"Imimandla ye-polar ichaphazela okungaphezulu kakhulu kunemozulu emantla nasezantsi. Ikwachaphazela notshintsho lwentlalo lwehlabathi, i-geopolitics, ulawulo lwezixhobo kunye nendlela abantu abahlala kwaye basebenza ngayo kwezi ndawo. Umnqweno kukuqinisa isiseko solwazi kwiinkalo ezininzi." —UDag Rune Olsen, uMlawuli we-UiT
“Sikwixesha elibalulekileyo, apho utshintsho lukhawuleza khona kuzo zombini iindawo. Ukumelwa okuqinileyo kwihlabathi liphela kwi-International Coordination Office ye-IPY-5 kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba sisabela kwihlabathi liphela kutshintsho esilubona kuqala kwiindawo eziphambili kodwa oluvakala ngakumbi kwihlabathi liphela.” — Gary Wilson, uMongameli, i-SCAR
“Eyona nto indikhuthazayo kakhulu lithuba lokwakha phezu kweminyaka yokusebenzisana nabantu bomthonyama kunye noluntu lwaseArctic kwaye ndibazise kwi-IPY-5 njengamaqabane apheleleyo ukususela ekuqaleni. Le ofisi yokulungelelanisa isinika isiseko sokuphucula isayensi esekelwe kubudlelwane bokwenyani njengoko sihamba kunye notshintsho olukhawulezileyo.”—Matthew Druckenmiller, uMongameli, i-IASC
“I-IPY-5 lithuba elikhethekileyo lokuguqula amandla ethu okubona, ukuqonda nokulindela utshintsho kulo lonke inkqubo yoMhlaba. Ngokuqinisa iinkqubo zokujonga, ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe, amandla esayensi kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi oluthembekileyo, iya kuxhasa izigqibo ezingcono kunye nemibutho ezinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela—kwaye idale ilifa elihlala ixesha elide ngaphaya kowama-2033.”— UGqr. Narelle van der Wel, uMbutho weMeteorological World
“I-IPY-5 lithuba elikhethekileyo lokuphucula ulwazi lwesayensi ngemimandla ye-polar ngelixa lisikhumbuza ukuba imingeni emikhulu yehlabathi inokujongwa kuphela ngentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. I-Ofisi yeNkqubo yeHlabathi iya kuhlanganisa ubuchule obuvela kwi-Global North naseMzantsi, ivumele izazinzulu ukuba zisebenze ngaphaya kwemida ukuze ziqonde ngakumbi le mimandla itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqinisekise kwakhona ukuba isayensi liqonga elinamandla lentsebenziswano kunye nengxoxo enoxolo.” — Salvatore Aricò, i-CEO yeBhunga leSayensi yeHlabathi
“I-IPY, ngokwemvelo elithuba elivela kanye kwisizukulwana, iphuhlile ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye eyesihlanu kuthotho lwayo ngoku kufuneka ilungele ukubandakanyeka kwehlabathi liphela phakathi kwezi nguqu zingazange zibonwe ngaphambili kwiplanethi. Ukuze ibonelele ngeempendulo zesayensi ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo kwimingeni yexesha lethu, i-IPY-5 ifuna ulungelelwano olungcono kakhulu, kwaye uluntu lwehlabathi olujikeleze i-polar lunokuqinisekiswa ukuba i-ICO entsha ikulungele ukuba sisixhobo esiphambili.” — UHyoung Chul Shin, uMongameli weKorea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)
“Ukusondela kwencam esemazantsi yoMzantsi Melika ne-Antarctica kusisikhumbuzo esinamandla sokuba i-Antarctica ayikude kuthi—inxulumene kakhulu nommandla wethu kunye nekamva lethu, nto leyo eyenza kube yinto engxamisekileyo kunangaphambili ukuba siqonde ngakumbi ngayo. Siza kukhuthaza kwaye sincede ekuququzeleleni i-IPY-5, sixhase ukubandakanyeka okuqinileyo kweLatin America ngelixa sibandakanya onke amazwe amahlanu e-Antarctica ukwakha uluntu oludibeneyo nolunempembelelo ngakumbi kwi-Antarctica—nokuqinisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwemimandla emibini ye-polar.” — Gino Casassa, uMlawuli weChilean Antarctic Institute (INACH)
I-IPY-5 ixhaswa ngokudibeneyo yi-IASC, i-SCAR, i-ISC kunye ne-WMO kwaye ikhokelwa yiKomiti eLawulayo equka abameli bale mibutho mine. Bebonke, baxhase unobhala wexeshana ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala sokucwangcisa; i-ICO entsha iya kuthatha eli thuba lokulungelelanisa ekuqaleni kuka-2027. Ucwangciso luyaqhubeka ngokusekwa kweeKomiti zeSizwe, ubizo lokuqala oluzayo lokuxhasa iiprojekthi, kunye nenkxaso evela kwiQela loCwangciso lemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe engaphezu kwama-36.
Okwenzekayo kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba kuchaphazela wonke umntu. I-IPY-5 iya kudibanisa uluntu lwezenzululwazi lwehlabathi ukuze luhlangabezane nolo tshintsho ngolwazi, intsebenziswano, kunye nokuqina okufunekayo ngelo xesha.
Malunga ne-IPY-5
Unyaka wesihlanu weNtlambo yeHlabathi (i-IPY-5) uza kuhlanganisa ihlabathi ukuze liqonde utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiArctic naseAntarctica kunye nemiphumo yalo ebanzi kwimozulu, amanqanaba olwandle, ukhuseleko lokutya namanzi, iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kunye noqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela. Ukudibanisa amazwe, iinkalo, kunye neenkqubo zolwazi (kuquka ulwazi lweMveli, lwendabuko nolwengingqi) i-IPY-5 ijolise ekunikezeni utshintsho olukhulu ekuqondeni kwesayensi ngokusebenzisa inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yesathelayithi, iinkqubo zokujonga ezizimeleyo, kunye nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa.
I-IPY-5 yakhelwe phezu kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-140 yentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwi-IPY ezine zangaphambili: eyokuqala ngo-1882-83, eyaqala intsebenziswano yesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe kwimimandla ye-polar; eyesibini ngo-1932-33, eyaphucula ukuqonda kwentsimi yemagnethi yoMhlaba kunye nomoya; uNyaka weJiyofiziksi waMazwe ngaMazwe ka-1957-58, owaseka izitishi zophando ezisisigxina ze-Antarctica kwaye wanceda ekubekeni isiseko seSivumelwano sase-Antarctic; kunye ne-IPY yesine ka-2007-08, umzamo omkhulu wophando lwe-polar ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, owandisa ukuqonda kwethu ngotshintsho lwemozulu kwaye wagxininisa indima yoluntu lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kwisayensi ye-polar. Ilifa layo elihlala lihleli aliyi kulinganiswa ngokufunyanwa okukodwa, kodwa ziinkqubo zokujonga, ubudlelwane, kunye namandla esayensi elishiya ngasemva ukunceda uluntu lulindele kwaye luphendule kwihlabathi elitshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya, ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-IPY-5.
Abafowunelwa beendaba
Umfanekiso: Unsplash+
Funda ngakumbi malunga noNyaka wePolar waMazwe ngaMazwe: 2032-2033 
Funda ngakumbi malunga neFrontiers Planet Prize, uhlelo lwesihlanu - Izicelo zivuliwe kude kube ngumhla woku-1 kweyeNkanga 2026 Funda okungakumbi malunga nesicelo seminikelo: Isivumelwano soNgcoliseko lwePlastiki kwiHlabathi liphela | umhla wokugqibela: 23 Okthobha Funda ngakumbi malunga Ngaba isayensi yeArctic inceda uluntu oluphandayo? 