"Awukwazi nje ukungena kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo kwaye uzibize njengesisombululo esizinzileyo"

Iziphumo ngokukhawuleza

• Iprojekthi isebenzise iindlela zokuthelekisa kunye nenxaxheba ekuphononongeni ukuba iimeko zamaziko nezentlalo nezenkcubeko zinefuthe njani kwimibono yeenguqu kuzinzo.
• Uhlalutyo lweendlela zase-US, zamaIndiya nezaseJamani lubonise ukuba iindlela zobomi kunye nenkcubeko yeengxoxo zezopolitiko zibaluleke kakhulu ekubeni inyathelo lenguqu liphunyezwa kwaye libonwa ngolo hlobo.
• Umsebenzi ufaka isandla kuphando kunye ne-scholarship ngokukhuthaza uthelekiso lwexesha laseMntla-South kunye nophando oludibeneyo kwizinto zentlalo kunye nezinto eziphathekayo zenguqu.
• Le projekthi ibandakanya ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yoluntu kunye namahlakani emfundo, kwaye oko kwenze ukuba unxibelelwano olubanzi lwezizwe ngezizwe kwiimbono ze-T2S.
• Iindibano zocweyo eIndiya, umzekelo, ziye zanceda abemi basekuhlaleni, ababeziva bengenalizwi ngaphambili kwaye bengenalwazi ngamaphulo omgaqo-nkqubo, ukuba baveze iimbono zabo neembono zabo malunga neenguqu ezizinzileyo kwiindawo abahlala kuzo.

E-Indiya, amandla elanga lishishini elikhula ngokukhawuleza: ilizwe lifake umthamo werekhodi lomthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2022. Ngenxa yokuba i-70% yamandla e-India okwangoku ivela kumalahle, oko ekuqaleni kunokuvakala njengeendaba ezilungileyo kwabo banenkxalabo malunga nemozulu. utshintsho.

Kodwa inkqubo yokufakela umbane omkhulu welanga iye yantsonkotha kwaye ikhathaza uluntu oluninzi kunye namatshantliziyo, njengoko ihlala iqhutywa ngeendlela ezingenademokhrasi kunye nezonakaliswa kokusingqongileyo. Kwilali yaseMikir Bamuni Grant e-Assam, umzekelo, umhlaba ochumileyo wepaddy wawunjalo ithathwe ngenkani kumafama yinkampani ehlaziywayo ngo-2021 ukuseka iplanti yamandla elanga. Ukuhluthwa komhlaba kunye nokufuduswa kwaxhaswa ngamapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye neziphathamandla zesithili; abantu belali ababechasa babebanjwa baze bavalelwe. Kwi amanye amazwe afana neKarnataka, amafama aqeshise umhlaba wawo ngokubonakalayo okwethutyana kwiinkampani zezityalo zelanga, kwaye emva koko afumana umhlaba ucociwe kwizinto eziphilayo kunye neempawu zendalo: ngaloo ndlela, ukutshabalalisa amandla awo okuvelisa ukutya kwixesha elizayo. Olu luntu luswele izakhono zokuguqukela kwezinye iindlela zokuphila, kwaye iipaki zesola zinike imisebenzi embalwa kakhulu kubantu basekhaya.

"Kukho le ngqiqo yokuba unokuthatha izinto ezihlaziyiweyo, kwaye uzifake kwindawo yokungcolisa, imithombo ekhupha igesi eluhlaza, kwaye sikhululekile ekhaya," utshilo uSheila Jasanoff, uNjingalwazi wePforzheimer weSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. - kunye nomphenyi oyintloko kwiprojekthi esandul 'ukugqitywa kwiminyaka emithathu exhaswa ngemali yiNkqubo yeTransformation to Sustainability (T2S) yeForam yaseBelmont, inethiwekhi ye-NORFACE, kunye ne-International Science Council, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Governance of Sociotechnical Transformations (GoST), apho abaphandi baseJamani, eIndiya, eKenya, e-UK, nase-USA bafunde iipolitiki zenguqu ukuzinza kumacandelo amathathu - amandla, ukutya, kunye nokufudukela ezidolophini. “Kodwa uthetha ngetekhnoloji enefuthe lokuya engcwabeni: unokwenza ulwandle lweepaneli zelanga, kodwa uza kuzigcina njani zicocekile? Uza kujongana njani nokungakhathali kwabo kunye nokulahlwa kwabo ekugqibeleni? Le mibuzo - eqhelekileyo kwiingcali zokusingqongileyo - ayibuzwanga ngokucwangcisiweyo kwimeko yenguqu kunye nenguqu. "

Ngaphaya kwe-techno-fixes: ukwandisa intsimi

Ibali lelanga lelinye lomceli mngeni obanzi: ukutyekela phakathi kwabenzi bezigqibo ukuba babe nombono wenguqu kuzinzo njengeenkqubo zobugcisa - ngeendleko zezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nefilosofi. "Sonke siyazi ukuba imingeni yozinzo, nokuba licala lezopolitiko okanye icala lokusingqongileyo, lintsonkothe ​​kakhulu kwaye aliqinisekanga," utshilo uAndy Stirling, unjingalwazi wesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseSussex kunye nomnye umphandi oyintloko weGoST. “Ukuba bebengekho, ngekudala safika apho. Kwaye ngandlel’ ithile kukho olu xinzelelo lokwenza ngathi uzinzo luyinye, lulula, luyinjongo yobuchwephesha.”

Yinto enomtsalane ngokuqondakalayo. Utshintsho oluqhutywa yitekhnoloji ukuze uzinzo lunokucingelwa ngokulula kwizikali ezininzi kusetyenziswa iindlela zenzululwazi zokumodela, kwaye zibonakala zingenzi mfuno eziphezulu kubantu ngotshintsho lwendlela yokuphila (njengokubhabha kancinci okanye ukutya inyama encinci). “Banokubekwa ngolwimi olungathathi hlangothi kwezopolitiko, njengoko kuyimfuneko kwaye kungenakuthintelwa, kwaye ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba baxoxisane, kwaye bathwaliswe izithembiso zekamva elingcono nelinempumelelo ngakumbi, njengamandla angaphezulu (amandla), ukuhamba (izixeko ezihlakaniphile), okanye isivuno (ezolimo),” utshilo uSilke Beck, inkokeli yeprojekthi kunye noNjingalwazi weSociology yeSayensi neTekhnoloji eTU Munich. Iprojekthi yeGoST, nangona kunjalo, yaqaqambisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba olo tshintsho alunakuze, enyanisweni, lungathathi hlangothi kwezopolitiko.

Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi bafumanisa ngokuthelekisa ixesha elide lamazwe ngamazwe ukuba oko kubizwa ngokuba 'yi-nuclear reissance', eye yaqulunqwa njengesicwangciso esinengqiqo kwipotfoliyo yesenzo semozulu, yenza ingqiqo encinci enikwe iindleko ezingathandekiyo, amaxesha okwakha, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokusebenza, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinketho zamandla ahlaziyekayo. Endaweni yoko, njengoko iGoST iqaqambise okwesihlandlo sokuqala kuncwadi oluphononongwa ngoontanga, “amandla okwenene okuqhuba ngowomkhosi othe kratya – ngakumbi, uxinzelelo [kwamanye] amazwe axhobe ngenyukliya ukugcina amandla emizi-mveliso esizwe ukwakha nokusebenzisa inyukliya. -iinkwili eziqhutywayo.” Ngaphezulu koqwalaselo lwamandla okanye lwemozulu, ngokucacileyo okusebenzayo apha kukutsala ubukoloniyali obunyanzelisayo obunikelwa sisikhundla sezixhobo zenyukliya “sesihlalo kwitafile ephezulu yamazwe ngamazwe”.

Ifoto: o1559kip.

Indlela yeGoST: iingqikelelo zenguqu

Ukunikezelwa kwemida yeengxelo eziphambili ze-T2S, iprojekthi ye-GoST yajongana nesihloko ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Le projekthi yahlekisa ngezinye iindlela uluntu oluyikha ngayo imibono yalo yekamva elizinzileyo, kwaye yaphonononga ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oko zinganceda ukufezekisa iinguqu kuzinzo. Kuyathenjwa ukuba olu lwazi ngoku lunokunceda abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ukuba baphuhlise iindlela ezisebenzayo nezilinganayo zokulawula iinguqu kuzinzo. Le projekthi isebenzise inkqubo-sikhokelo ye-'socio-technical imaginaries' (STI) ukuze ibambe imilinganiselo kunye nemo yethutyana yeenguqu kuzinzo kunye nokuveza imiba yolawulo efanelekileyo. Isebenze ngokwembono 'yomvelisi ngokubambisana' eqwalasela indlela ulwazi oluveliswa ngayo ngokudibeneyo phakathi kwenzululwazi, itekhnoloji kunye nezopolitiko, kwaye yasebenzisa indlela yokuthelekisa ukunceda abaphandi ukuba baqonde ukuba kutheni kwaye kutheni umxholo ubalulekile kutshintsho oluzinzileyo.

“Sijonga imbono yenguqu njengento ebizwa ngokuba 'yintelekelelo': oko kukuthi, umbono obanjwe ngokudibeneyo wokuba ikamva linokujongeka njani," utshilo uJasanoff. “Indlela apho naluphi na uluntu olunomfanekiso-ngqondweni wekamva lalo, kuquka ikamva lalo lokusingqongileyo, luxhomekeke kwiingcamango zenkcubeko ezinzulu kakhulu: ukuba luyintoni na ulawulo; yintoni urhulumente; yenza ntoni; inxulumana njani noluntu; kwaye luthini uxanduva lwalo?” Njengenxalenye yophando, abasebenzisanayo baqhube iindibano zocweyo ezithatha inxaxheba kumazwe amahlanu eprojekthi, apho abachaphazelekayo - kubandakanywa namagosa karhulumente wendawo, uluntu olubandakanyekayo kunye nokuchatshazelwa yinguqu yezobuchwepheshe, ii-NGO, imidiya, kunye nabafundi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zophando - bamenywa. ukufumanisa kunye nokwabelana ngemibono yabo yekamva elizinzileyo nelilungileyo kunye neendlela zokuyifezekisa.

Iindibano zocweyo bezijolise kwintshukumo: "kwakungekuko nje ngokuvelisa ulwazi [kodwa] malunga nokwakha intshukumo eya kutshintsho lokwenyani kumacandelo ahlukeneyo," utshilo uJoel Onyango, iCEO yeAfrican Researchers Consortium kunye neqabane elisekelwe eKenya kuphando. . “Ke ngoko ukukwazi ukubiza iiseshini… kuthetha ukuba sikwadala ithuba lokuba abachaphazelekayo abohlukeneyo basebenze kunye, kodwa siphinde sifunde iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga kunye nophuhliso.”

Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 udale uhlobo lovavanyo olungalindelekanga, oluvumela iqela lophando le-GoST ukuba liqwalasele ngexesha lokwenyani uninzi lwemiba yolawulo esemngciphekweni kutshintsho lozinzo. Xa ubhubhane wahlasela, oorhulumente behlabathi bakhawuleza baphumeza uthotho lwamanyathelo abathi abaphembeleli bemeko yendalo bebewaxhasa amashumi eminyaka, njengokuvalwa kokuhamba, uthintelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokuxhomekeka ekutyeni kwasekhaya. Ukuthotyelwa okunxulumeneyo – kunye neempikiswano ezingo – la manyathelo kumazwe afundwayo abonisa unxulumano olubalulekileyo phakathi koluvo lomanyano lwabemi kunye nokukwazi kukarhulumente ukuwisa umthetho nokunyanzelisa imiqathango ethintelweyo.

Ngokubanzi, abantu bamkele izigunyaziso ezingenelelayo nesikhalazo esincinci kwezo meko zikazwelonke okanye zamazwe aphantsi apho unxibelelwano lwentlalo, okanye umanyano, lwalusele luqinile - njengaseJamani, utshilo u-Beck owayekhokela izifundo zetyala laseJamani. Ityala lase-US, nangona kunjalo, libonisa ukuqina kwenkcaso kutshintsho olugunyazisiweyo lwendlela yokuphila kwiindawo ezininzi zelizwe, kunye nokuxhathisa okuqhubekayo kwingxamiseko yengxaki yezempilo ngoosonzululwazi ababonwayo (njengakwimeko yemozulu) njengenkonzo. i-ajenda yezopolitiko yenkululeko okanye eqhubela phambili, ebotshelelwe kungenelelo lombuso ngaphezu kokuba abaninzi baseMelika bakulungele ukunyamezela.

izigqibo

Abaphandi bagqibe kwelokuba ukuguqulwa kozinzo kuya kufuna iindlela ezingaphezulu zedemokhrasi, ezithatha inxaxheba nezivulelekileyo zokuxoxisana kunye nokwenziwa kwezigqibo ezihlangeneyo malunga nezithethe, iinqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nekamva elinqwenelekayo, kunokuba zikhona ngoku kwiindawo ezifundiweyo. “Inzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji zibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ziyimfuneko kwaye azanelanga,” utshilo uStirling. "Ukuba siza kufezekisa uluntu oluzinzileyo malunga nobulungisa bezentlalo kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo, kuya kufuneka siwuphathe nzulu ummandla wezopolitiko - kwaye sibe nedemokhrasi ngayo."

Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuguqulwa kophando oluzinzileyo, ukuveliswa kolwazi, kunye nokufunda okuguquguqukayo akufanele kubonwe njengezixhobo zokutshintsha ukuziphatha komntu ngamnye kunye nemilinganiselo yentlalontle ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo ezichazwe kwangaphambili ezifana ne-Paris Agreement okanye i-Sustainable Development Goals. Endaweni yoko, utsho u-Beck, uguqulo kuzinzo kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe njengendawo enokubakho impikiswano yongquzulwano lwemibono yophuhliso oluzinzileyo ukujongana kunye nokuzibandakanya omnye nomnye. Ukucinga ngokutsha ukuguqulwa kozinzo kukwafuna ukumema uluhlu olubanzi lwabadlali boluntu (ngaphaya kweengcali zobugcisa) ukuba bacinge ngekamva elinqwenelekayo kunye nokuyila iindlela kunye neendlela zokuhlangabezana nazo.

“Inxalenye yoku ilele ekuboneni iiprojekthi ezifana nezethu hayi nje njengezifundo zemfundo, okanye 'zophando olungekho mthethweni', kodwa njengezobutshantliziyo,” utshilo uStirling. “Kwaye oko akuthethi ukuba uye kwindawo ethile kwaye ubalise ibali malunga nenguqu kule ndawo. Kuthetha ukubona uphando njengenxalenye yemibutho yasekuhlaleni, kunokuba nje izazinzulu zivelise ulwazi.”

"Indima yentelekelelo ibaluleke kakhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu," utshilo uJasanoff. "Kwaye ifakwe kuthi sonke, ukuba nokwenzeka kokucinga ukuba kuya kuba yintoni ikamva elihle." Lo mfanekiso-ngqondweni akufuneki ugxininiswe kwipharadaym yokukhula kunye nenkqubela phambili, kodwa usekelwe kwimibuzo malunga "nendlela yokuba nobulungisa obaneleyo kwindlela izinto ezisasazwa ngayo - hayi nje ukuphelela okanye ukwanela kweempahla ngokwazo," watsho.