Ikamva lokuqina kwintlekele kunye nesidingo sesalathiso somngcipheko wehlabathi

Uphando lwethu luveze into eyothusayo yokuba iZizwe eziManyeneyo okwangoku azinalo isalathiso somngcipheko wehlabathi. Nangona ubuthathaka buxutyushwa kwiiforamu ezahlukeneyo ze-UN, kukho inkxalabo yokuba ukuba i-UN ayenzi imizamo yokudibanisa nokulungelelanisa ezi ngxoxo, inokudala ukudideka okungayi kujongana ngokwaneleyo neemfuno zabona bantu basengozini kakhulu.

Kule bhlog sixoxa ngemigaqo-nkqubo ekhoyo ngoku, kunye neengcebiso zokuphucula ukwenzela ukuchonga amaqela asemngciphekweni kakhulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi kunye nommandla, elinokuthi likwazise inqanaba lendawo. Kukho izalathisi zobuthathaka ezikhoyo ngoku eziqaqambisa imiba ethile yokuba sesichengeni, kodwa isalathiso esibanzi singenza ukuqonda okukhulu kumazwe asaphuhlayo nakumaqela ayimfuneko.

Zeziphi izalathisi zobuthathaka ezisetyenziswayo ngoku?

NgoDisemba 2020 I-UN General Assembly ibizele uNobhala Jikelele ukwenza izindululo zophuhliso, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nokusetyenziswa okunokubakho kwezalathisi zobuthathaka ezinamacala amaninzi kwiSiqithi esiPhuhlisayo saseLizwe.

Ekuqaleni kwagqitywa ngo-2000 kwaye emva koko yahlaziywa ngo-2005, i Isalathiso sokuba semngciphekweni kwezoQoqosho kunye nokusiNgqongileyo (EVI) sesinye sezalathiso zakuqala zokuba sesichengeni ezisetyenziswe kwinqanaba lengingqi kunye nehlabathi. Ukusukela ngo-2005, i-EVI isebenze njengenye yeenqobo ezintathu ezisetyenziswa yiKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yoMgaqo-nkqubo woPhuhliso (i-UNCP) ukuchonga nokugqiba amazwe asuka kwezona ndidi ziphuhlileyo. Ngoku iqulathe amanqanaba amabini okuba sesichengeni - kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo - kunye nezalathi ezisibhozo eziphuhliswe kwindlela ekuvunyelwene ngayo ejongwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu. Enye yamandla ayo amakhulu kukuba idatha yayo igubungela amazwe ali-143 asusela kunyaka wama-2000.

Ngelixa imodeli yoqoqosho yokujongana nobuthathaka ibalulekile, ayiwuthathi ngokupheleleyo umda wobuthathaka ngokuxoxwa kwejografi, imali okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa kusenziwa isalathiso somngcipheko wehlabathi? Okokuqala, sijonga idatha.

Yeyiphi imithombo yethu yedatha yangoku?

NgoFebruwari 2021 uJacob Assa kunye noRiad Meddeb we-UNDP baphuhlise i ingxelo egqwesileyo apho bacebise ngesalathiso sokuchaphazeleka esine-dimensional multi-dimensional (MVI) eyakha phezu kwe-EVI. I-UNDP MVI ibandakanya izikhombisi ezilishumi elinanye ezivela kwi-EVI, kubandakanywa ezinye ezivela kwiBhanki yehlabathi. Izalathi zimele imilinganiselo emine yokuba sesichengeni: ezoqoqosho, ezemali, okusingqongileyo kunye nejografi.

Ngelixa le MVI yayisele igxininise kwiSiqithi esiNcinane saMazwe aPhuhlisayo, izikhombisi zayo zingasebenza kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ziquka idatha equka amazwe angama-126. I-UNDP MVI ibandakanya izalathi zoqoqosho ezintathu ezivela kwi-EVI; ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunye nokugxila, ukungazinzi kwemveliso yezolimo, kunye nokungazinzi kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Yongeza izalathisi ezintathu zemali ezivela kwiBhanki yeHlabathi ezinxulumene nokhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe, iimali ezithunyelwa ngabantu, kunye notyalo-mali oluthe ngqo lwangaphandle. Izalathi ezithathu zejografi ziquka ukuba kude kunye nokuvalwa komhlaba, kunye nezabelo zabemi kuyo yomibini imihlaba eyomileyo kunye neendawo ezisezantsi eziphakamileyo zonxweme.

I-UNICEF iqalisile ukujonga ukuba semngciphekweni kwabantwana. Ngo-2021, i-UNICEF yavelisa i Isalathiso soMngcipheko weMozulu wabantwana, okanye i-CCRI, izibonakaliso zayo zihlukaniswe zibe ziintsika ezimbini. I-Pillar 1 kukuvezwa kwemozulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo kunye noxinzelelo, olubandakanya izikhombisi ezininzi. I-Pillar 2 yi-Child Vulnerability, equka isethi yezibonakaliso zentlupheko, i-asethi yonxibelelwano, kunye nokukhuselwa koluntu; amanzi, ugutyulo, nococeko; imfundo, kunye nempilo yabantwana kunye nesondlo.

Ngokubanzi, izikhombisi kufuneka zilungiselelwe imimandla eyahlukeneyo ukuze ibambe imilinganiselo yengingqi kwaye ibonise iimfuno zabemi bengingqi abasesichengeni. I-ISC igalela inxalenye yale phazili kwisisombululo ngokubandakanya izifundiswa kunye neengcali ukukhangela indlela eya phambili enokuncedisa inkqubo ye-UN. Injongo kukubona indlela yokuphuhlisa izalathisi ezininzi zobuthathaka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yengingqi eyazisa isenzo sendawo kumaqela asemngciphekweni.

Sisisebenzisa njani i-multi-dimensional vulnerability index (MVI)?

Phinda unike amandla i-DR3, Iprojekthi exhaswa ngemali yeForam yaseBelmont, iye yahlakulela isenzo sophando esibambiseneyo malunga nokunciphisa ingozi yentlekele kunye nokuqina. Uphando lwabo lujolise ekulawulweni kokunciphisa ingozi yentlekele kunye nokuqina ngokugxininisa kwizikhukhula, isomiso kunye namaza okushisa kwizixeko ezinxweme kunye neziqithi. Le ntsebenziswano ithatha izizwe ezisixhenxe kumazwekazi aseYurophu, eAfrika, eAsia naseMntla Melika, kunye nabaphandi abavela kwiinkalo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela, bekhokelwa yiYunivesithi yaseLondon.

Iqela lase-United States le-Re-Energize DR3 liye lafunda ukulawulwa kweentlekele e-US kwi-federal, karhulumente kunye nenqanaba lendawo, usebenzisa i-North Carolina njengesifundo sophando kuphando lwabo kunye neeworkshops zokubandakanya abachaphazelekayo.

Kubekho umsebenzi onomdla kwi-MVI osuka kwi-Ofisi ye-UN yoMmeli oPhakamileyo waMazwe angaPhuhliswanga aPhakamileyo, amaZwe aPhuhliswayo avaliweyo kunye naMazwe aPhuhlisayo kwiSiqithi esiNcinane (UN-OHRLLS). Yabo Ingxelo ye2021 ibandakanya uphononongo olwandisiweyo lweMVI ekhoyo kunye nezindululo kwiikhrayitheriya kuphuhliso lweMVI. Ikwanxulumanisa ukuba sesichengeni nokomelela kunye kusetyenziswa imilinganiselo yokuba sesichengeni kulwakhiwo, kunye nokomelela kwesakhiwo nomgaqo-nkqubo, nto leyo ethembisa ngokukodwa.

Olu lungelelaniso lwezalathisi zobuthathaka ezinamacala amaninzi kufuneka ludityaniswe ngcono amaqela asemngciphekweni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izalathisi zobuthathaka zisebenza kuphela kwinqanaba lesizwe nelengingqi. Siyibonile imizekelo yezalathi zezoqoqosho, ezemali, zejografi, kunye nezokusingqongileyo. Ukuze kuphuhliswe izalathiso ezibanzi zobuthathaka, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olubanzi lokubandakanyeka kwamaqela asemngciphekweni achongiweyo ngokucacileyo.

Yintoni injongo yomgangatho we-MVI njengoko ucetyiswa yi-DR3?

Kuyathenjwa ukuba izalathiso zengingqi zobuthathaka ziya kugqitywa ngexesha lokuphononongwa kwe-2027 Agenda ye-2030 yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, olubandakanya iiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, kunye nokuphononongwa kweZalathi zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ngo-2028, ekuya kuvunyelwana ngazo yi. IKhomishini yoBalo ye-UN.

NgoMeyi ka-2022, uKristen Downs wanikela intetho njengommeli weYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina Water Institute, iprojekthi ye-Re-Energize DR3, kunye neQela eliKhulu leNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji, elibizwe liBhunga lezeNzululwazi lamazwe ngamazwe (ISC). Ubonise kwi-Ignite Stage njengenxalenye ye-7th Session ye-UNDRR Global Platform yokuNcitshiswa kweNtlekele eBali, e-Indonesia.

Intetho yakhe ibinomxholo othi, “Sifanele sijongane njani nokuba sesichengeni sentlekele kwihlabathi nakwimimandla?”

Uyakwazi ukubona ividiyo yentetho kaKristen kwesi sixhobo, kunye nezinye iintetho ze-Ignite Stage Apha.

Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini zale ncoko: eyokuqala ijongene nokuba sesichengeni kwamazwe kwaye eyesibini ijongene nokuba sesichengeni kwamaqela. Umgaqo-nkqubo uqinisekisa njani ukuba zombini zilungiswa ngokufanelekileyo nangendlela edibeneyo kwaye ukuba kunjalo, kungafezwa njani oku? Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, kuya kufuneka ukuba 1) senze intsebenziswano kunye nokukhuthaza kwiinkqubo ezikhoyo ze-UN; 2) ukuqhuba uphando olongezelelweyo olujolise kuluntu olusesichengeni kunye neendlela zothethathethwano lwabachaphazelekayo ngokulinganayo; kunye 3) nokuvavanya ukwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo wangoku phantsi kwelensi yokuba sesichengeni se-multidimensional.

UKristen Downs, Emily Gvino kwaye URene umakisha-Katz bayinxalenye yenkxaso-mali yeForam yaseBelmont, Ukunika amandla kwakhona uLawulo lokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko wokuNcitshiswa kweNtlekele kunye nokuZinzisa uPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, okanye Nika kwakhona amandla i-DR3.  

UKristen Downs

UKristen Downs nguMgqatswa we-PhD kwiNzululwazi yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nobuNjineli kunye nophando oluphumeleleyo kwiZiko laManzi kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina e-Chapel Hill (UNC). Imvelaphi yakhe yinzululwazi yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nobunjineli, esekelwe kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nophuhliso lwamazwe ngamazwe. Izinto anomdla kuzo zibandakanya indlela ukucwangciswa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji enokusetyenziswa ukubonelela ngeenkonzo ezizinzileyo xa ejongene nokungaqiniseki okufana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, uphuhliso kunye nokukhula kwabemi. Uphando lukaKristen lujolise ekuboniseni ubungozi, ukungaqiniseki, kunye neziphumo ezinxulumene neempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwizifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi, njengoko zilawulwa ngumgangatho wenkonzo yamanzi kunye neziseko zogutyulo kunye nokusebenzisana kwayo nokuguquguquka kwemozulu kunye neziganeko ezigqithisileyo.

Emily Gvino

Emily Gvino, I-MCRP, i-MPH yiNxulumano kunye neClarion Associates, inkampani yokubonisana ngokusetyenziswa komhlaba esekelwe e-Chapel Hill, eNorth Carolina. U-Emily usebenza nabathengi becandelo likarhulumente e-US kwinqanaba lengingqi kunye nengingqi, ukunceda uluntu ukuba lufumane izisombululo ezitsha kunye nesicwangciso sekamva elizinzileyo nelizinzileyo. Umsebenzi kaEmily ugxile ekudibaneni kobulungisa bemozulu, ukomelela kweentlekele, impilo, kunye nokucwangciswa kokusingqongileyo. U-Emily ukwaxhasa iqela le-Re-Energize DR3 njengoMcebisi weQhinga, ukusebenzisana kuphando lokuhlola, iiprojekthi zokubhala, kunye neentetho.

URene umakisha-Katz

URene Marker-Katz ungumfundi ophumelele kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina e-Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) eqhuba isidanga se-Master's kwisiXeko kunye noCwangciso lweNgingqi (MCRP) ngobuchule bokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nokucwangciswa kokusingqongileyo. Isidanga sakhe sokuphumelela siya kukhatshwa sisiqinisekiso soKunyamezela iiNgcipheko zeNdalo. Ngoku usebenza njengoMdibaniso woPhando kunye ne-UNC Water Institute Re-Energize i-DR3 iqela lokuqinisa ubudlelwane phakathi kolawulo kunye namaziko abucala / karhulumente ukuxhasa ngcono amaqela asekuhlaleni asengozini ngeentlekele ezinxulumene nemozulu. Umdla okhethekileyo kaRene kukuqhelana neengozi, izenzo zozinzo ezidolophini, kunye nobulungisa kumgaqo-nkqubo woluntu.

Unokuba nomdla kwi

INgcaciso emfutshane kuMngcipheko weNkqubo

Amathuba ophando, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokusebenza ngokwembono yemozulu, indalo kunye nesayensi yengozi yeentlekele kunye nolawulo.

Umfanekiso nguMartin Howard / UNISDR Ukubonwa kweqela leDRR nge Flickr.