Unokulindela ukuba i-anecdote eluma izikhonkwane ivela kumhloli wamazwe, kodwa uGqr Reimer yingcali yezibalo kunye nomhlohli kwiDyunivesithi yase-Utah, kunye nokuba yinxalenye yoluntu olutshintshe amagumbi okufundela afudumeleyo kwezinye zezona ntlango zinzima emhlabeni. , kwilinge lokusebenzisa amanani ukuqonda ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Uhambo lwabo lubenza bakwazi ukuzibonela ngokwabo iinkqubo eziqhuba utshintsho kwimimandla encanyana kwaye baqinisekise iithiyori zabo zemathematika zomkhenkce wolwandle kunye nendima yawo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemozulu yoMhlaba.
Ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu bomkhenkce wolwandle kwi-Arctic behlile ngokukhawuleza ukusukela oko kwathathwa imilinganiselo yesathelayithi okokuqala 1979.
Umkhenkce wolwandle sisikhenkcezisi soMhlaba, ubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukubuyela emajukujukwini. Ubukho bayo obuhlala buhleli bubalulekile kwikamva lesijikelezi-langa sethu kuba, njengoko umkhenkce unyibilika, amanzi amaninzi amnyama ayavela afunxa ngakumbi ukukhanya kwelanga. La manzi ashushu lilanga anyibilikisa umkhenkce omninzi kumjikelo wokuzomeleza obizwa ngokuba yi-ice albedo ingxelo.
Ngelixa ukwehla komkhenkce wolwandle mhlawumbi lolona tshintsho lubonakalayo lukhulu ludityaniswe nokufudumala kweplanethi kumphezulu woMhlaba, ukuhlalutya, ukulinganisa kunye nokuqikelela indlela yokuziphatha kwayo kunye nempendulo yenkqubo yepolar eyixhasayo inzima kakhulu, kodwa iingcali zezibalo zinokunceda.
UKenneth Golden, unjingalwazi obalaseleyo wemathematika kunye nonjingalwazi oncedisayo wobunjineli bebhayomedical kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah, uye wakha inkqubo yomkhenkce yolwandle ekhethekileyo kwiminyaka engama-30. Indibaniselwano yayo yophando lwemathematika, imodeli yemozulu kunye nohambo olunika umdla kwintsimi, iye yatsala abafundi nabaphandi abasemva kobugqirha, kuquka noGqr Reimer, abagxile ekusebenziseni olu hlobo lwenzululwazi ukunceda ukulwa nemingeni ecinezelayo yemozulu eguquka ngokukhawuleza.
UGqr Reimer ufunde indlela iibhere ezimhlophe kunye netywina eziphendula ngayo kutshintsho kwindawo yazo enomkhenkce. Ngelixa wayesebenzisa imifuziselo yemathematika ukuqonda unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zidalwa kunye nendawo yazo yokuhlala, wathatha imilinganiselo kunye neesampulu kwiibhere ezikwi-Arctic, nto leyo angazange alindele ukuyenza njengengcali yezibalo. Abalali tu xa bezolile; bakrwada,” uyachaza. "Omnye wabo wandothusa kuba kwakubonakala ngathi unokuvuka ngaxa lithile."
UGqr Reimer uthatha imilinganiselo kwibhere emhlophe ehleliyo e-Arctic.
Indawo yabo enciphayo ithetha ukuba iibhere ezimhlophe zihamba emkhenkceni obhityileyo, kodwa kuyathenjwa ukuba izifundo ezifana nekaGqr Reimer ziya kunceda iingcali ziqonde indlela yokukhusela amarhamncwa amakhulu.
Noko ke, lihlabathi “elivuthuza ingqondo” leebhaktheriya nobulembu obuhlala kwiipokotho zamanzi anetyuwa kumkhenkce wolwandle olumvuyisayo ngoku. Olu luntu lwebhayoloji kunye nendawo yokuhlala luphenjelelwa lutshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu, ubutyuwa kunye nokukhanya, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukwenza imodeli ngokuchanekileyo. Kumsebenzi wakhe wangoku, uGqr Reimer wenza iimodeli zokuqonda ukuba ezi zinto zidibana njani ukuze kumiselwe umsebenzi webhayoloji ngaphakathi komkhenkce. "Ukuqonda ukuba iinkqubo kwezi zilinganisi zincinci zinegalelo njani kwiipateni ze-macro-level kubalulekile ekuboniseni impembelelo yemozulu yokufudumala kwi-polar marine ecology," uyachaza.
Ngumceli mngeni wokuqonda indlela ubume bemicroscopic yomkhenkce wolwandle ekuchaphazela ngayo ukuziphatha komkhenkce omkhulu onomdla kuProf Golden. Ukhe wandwendwela imimandla yencam yomhlaba kangangezihlandlo ezili-18, ezama imimoya yasentshona eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“Roaring Forties” ukuba ifike e-Antarctica ngenqanawa yaye ikuphepha kancinci ukuphoswa kumanzi anomkhenkce ngelixa ilinganisa umkhenkce wolwandle. Uthi: “Ngesinye isihlandlo ndatyelelwa ngumnenga omkhulu omalunga neemitha ezisibhozo ukusuka apho, nowawuqhawule lula umnenga obhityileyo endandikuwo ngokushukumisa nje umsila wawo.
UProf Golden uphonononga ubume obuncinci bomkhenkce wolwandle ukubala ukuba kulula kangakanani na ulwelo ukuhamba kuwo. “Umkhenkce wolwandle unetyuwa. Ine-microstructure ene-porous ye-brine inclusions eyahluke kakhulu kumkhenkce wamanzi acocekileyo, "utsho.
UProf Golden ukhokelele amaqela amacandelo ahlukeneyo ukuba aqikelele iqondo lobushushu elibalulekileyo apho i-brine inclusions idibana khona ukuze ulwelo lukwazi ukuhamba emkhenkceni wolwandle, kunye nokuphuhlisa ubuchule bokuqala be-X-reyi betomography ukuhlalutya indlela ijometri ye-inclusions eguqukayo kunye nobushushu. “Ukuqonda indlela amanzi olwandle ahamba ngayo kumkhenkce wolwandle yenye yezitshixo zokutolika indlela utshintsho lwemozulu oluya kudlala ngayo kwindawo engqonge ulwandle,” uyachaza.
Ukufumanisa oku "kwi-off-off switch" kuye kwanceda izazinzulu ukuba ziqonde ngcono iinkqubo ezifana nokuba izondlo ezondla uluntu lwe-algal oluhlala kwi-brine inclusions luzaliswa njani.
Uphononongo lweNjingalwazi yeGolden lubonisa ukuba ulwelo lunokuhamba lula kangakanani na kumkhenkce wolwandle, onobume be-microstructure ye-brine inclusions (kumfanekiso). Iiveki ze-WF kunye no-A. Assur, i-CRREL (i-US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab) Ingxelo ye-269, i-1969
I-brine esemkhenkceni wolwandle ikwachaphazela utyikityo lweradar yayo, echaphazela imilinganiselo yesathelayithi yeparamitha njengobunzima bomkhenkce obusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iimodeli zemozulu. Ezi modeli zibalulekile kuba ziqikelela utshintsho lwexesha elizayo kwimozulu yethu kwaye zisetyenziswa ziinkokeli zehlabathi kunye nezazinzulu ukuba zize nezicwangciso zokunciphisa.
Iindidi zomkhenkce zinika umngeni, kodwa iyantlukwano phakathi kwabaphandi, ootitshala nabafundi idala imeko-bume efanelekileyo yeembono ezintsha. E-US, ikota enye yeedigri zobugqirha kwimathematika kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter yanikezelwa kubasetyhini kwi-2015, kodwa izikimu ezifana neYunivesithi yase-Utah. FUMANA Inkqubo ikhulisa iingcali zezibalo zabasetyhini ngokubanceda bavule amathuba afana nokuthantamisa kunye nophando oluqhutywayo. Uhambo oluya e-Arctic alunikezi kuphela amava aphakamileyo abafundi, kodwa qinisekisa ukuba iingcali zezibalo ziyabandakanyeka kuphando oluphambili kunye nezisombululo, ecaleni kwezazinzulu zemozulu kunye neenjineli.
Xa bengalwi namaqhwithela, uGqr Reimer kunye noProf Golden basebenza kwintsebenziswano, iiprojekthi zezifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye nabacebisi ababhinqileyo abangekabinazidanga njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokufikelela. Emva kokuhlaziya icandelo lemathematika ngo-2018 ukuze liquke utshintsho lwemozulu, uProf Golden ubone phantse kathathu inani labafundi be-ACCESS abanomdla wokwenza imaths enkulu okanye ukufakwa kuphando kunangaphambili.
URebecca Hardenbrook, ongomnye wabafundi bakaPhD kaNjingalwazi Golden, uthi: “Ukugxila kwimiba engxamisekileyo efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kutsalela abantu esibafunayo kwizibalo, ezithi inguye wonke umntu, kodwa ngokukodwa, amabhinqa, abantu bebala, abantu abangaqhelekanga; nabani na ophuma kwimvelaphi engamelwanga kakuhle.”
U-Hardenbrook wajoyina inkqubo ye-ACCESS ngaphambi konyaka wakhe wokuqala njenge-undergraduate, echitha ihlobo kwilebhu ye-astrophysics, eyavula amehlo akhe ukuba enze uphando. “Ibibutshintsha ngokwenene ubomi,” utshilo, hayi kancinci kuba uye wathatha isigqibo sokwenza isidanga sePhD kwimathematika kunye noProf Golden emva kokufunda uthutho olushushu ngomkhenkce wolwandle njengomntu onesidanga.
URebecca Hardenbrook ufundisa izibalo kubafundi beYunivesithi yaseUtah eSalt Lake City.
Ngoku ukhuthaza abafundi abancinci kwiskimu se-ACCESS njengomncedisi wokufundisa, kunye nokwenza imodeli yamachibi anyibilikayo, angamachibi amanzi kumkhenkce wolwandle lwe-Arctic. La machibi adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni izinga lokunyibilika kwexesha elide lomkhenkce wolwandle lweArctic ngokufunxa imitha yelanga endaweni yokuyibonakalisa. Njengoko bekhula kwaye bejoyina kunye, benza inguqu kwijometri ye-fractal, ngokufanelekileyo bedala ipateni engapheliyo enokuthi imodareyithwe ziingcali zezibalo.
IHardenbrook yakha phezu kweshumi leminyaka lomsebenzi kumachibi anyibilikayo nguProf Golden kunye nabafundi bangaphambili kunye nabaphandi eyunivesithi ngokulungelelanisa imodeli ye-Ising yakudala, eyaphuhliswa ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye icacisa indlela izinto ezinokuthi zifumane okanye ziphulukane ngayo nemagnetism, imodeli yokunyibilika. ijometri echibini. "Ndiyathemba ukwenza imodeli yomkhenkce wolwandle ichaneke ngakumbi ngokwasemzimbeni ukuze ifakwe kwiimodeli zemozulu yehlabathi ukwenza indlela echanekileyo yokujongana namachibi anyibilikayo, anefuthe elimangalisayo kwi-albedo ye-Arctic," uyachaza.
Iingcali zezibalo sele ziyisombulule i-conundrum yendlela yokuchaza ububanzi bommandla womkhenkce oselunxwemeni olungaguquguqukiyo, osuka kumbindi oxineneyo womkhenkce ukuya kwimiphetho engaphandle, apho amaza anokwaphula umkhenkce odadayo.
UCourt Strong, oyisazinzulu sezendalo kunye noogxa bakaProf Golden kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah, ufumene impembelelo kumthombo ongaqhelekanga: i-cerebral cortex yobuchopho bempuku. Waqonda ukuba bangasebenzisa indlela yemathematika efanayo ukulinganisa ububanzi bommandla womkhenkce oseludinini njengoko besenza ukulinganisa ubungqingqwa bobuchopho obunamaqhuqhuva bempuku, ekwanokwahluka okuninzi. Ngoncedo lwale modeli yenziwe lula, iqela likwazile ukubonisa ukuba ummandla womkhenkce osemdeni uye wanda ngeepesenti ezingama-40 njengoko imozulu yethu ishushu.
Iskim seDyunivesithi yase-Utah's ACCESS, kubandakanywa nophando lwayo, sintywilisela abafundi kwindawo yezifundo ezahlukeneyo apho imathematika iyinxalenye yomfanekiso omkhulu. Ikhuthaza ukudluliselwa kwepoleni, apho iindlela kunye neengcamango ezivela kwimimandla yenzululwazi ebonakala inganxulumananga zinokusetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki xa imathematika esisiseko ifana ngokuyimfuneko.
“Xa unikwe imeko engaqhelekanga, udinga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengqondo ukuze ujonge ingxaki ngokucacileyo kwaye uze nezisombululo,” utshilo uNjingalwazi Golden.
Ilahleko yomkhenkce wolwandle ebonwa kwiArctic yenzeke kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka nje ambalwa kwaye iqhubeka ngesantya esothusayo.
“Sifuna zonke iingqondo ezilungileyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokucinga esinokuzifumana, kwaye sizifuna ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo.
Eli nqaku liye lahlaziywa kwiYunivesithi yase-Utah, iSiseko seSayensi yeSizwe kunye ne-Ofisi yoPhando lwezoLwandle ngu-Elvis Bahati Orlendo, iSiseko samazwe ngamazwe seSayensi, iStockholm kunye noDkt Magdalena Stoeva, iFIOMP, iFIUPESM.
Funda ngakumbi malunga Zibandakanye kwi-5th International Polar Year 
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuBiza iBids ukubamba i-IPY-5 International Coordination Office | umhla wokugqibela: 6 February 
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuBizela iiKomiti zeSizwe ze-IPY-5 
