Izazinzulu kunye nabaphandi baya bexabisa ngakumbi iintsomi zenzululwazi ngegalelo labo lokulindela iimeko zekamva. Njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wayo wokuphonononga izalathiso apho utshintsho kwiinkqubo zesayensi kunye nesayensi zisikhokelela, i Iziko lekamva leNzululwazi sahlala phantsi nababhali abathandathu abaphambili bezenzululwazi ukuba baqokelele iimbono zabo malunga nokuba inzululwazi inokumelana njani nemingeni emininzi yoluntu esiza kujongana nayo kumashumi eminyaka azayo. Ipodcast ibambisene indalo.
Kwisiqendu sethu sesine, saba neengxoxo kunye noFernanda Trías malunga nendlela yokudibanisa ubugcisa kunye nesayensi. Uthetha ngokungxamiseka kokuthatha amanyathelo malunga neemeko ezimandundu ezifana neentlekele zendalo. Ukholelwa ukuba ngokusebenzisa imiba kunye nezisombululo zalapha ekhaya, singenza isayensi ibe nentsingiselo ngakumbi.
UFernanda Trías
UFernanda Trías wazalelwa eMontevideo, eUruguay, kwaye ngoku uzinze eColombia. Umbhali ophumelele ibhaso kunye nomhlohli wokubhala ngokuyilayo, ubambe iMFA kwiCreative Writing evela kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York kwaye upapashe iinoveli ezine, ezimbini kuzo ziguqulelwe kwisiNgesi (Uphahla, Charco Cinezela 2020, kwaye Isilayidi esiPinki, uMbhali 2023), kwakunye nengqokelela yebali elifutshane.
UPaul Shrivastava (00:03):
Molo, ndinguPaul Shrivastava, kwaye kolu ngcelele lwepodcast ndithetha nababhali beentsomi zesayensi ngekamva. Ndicinga ukuba indlela yabo ekhethekileyo yokujonga izinto inokusinika ukuqonda okuxabisekileyo malunga nendlela esinokudala ngayo uhlobo lwehlabathi esilufunayo kwaye siphephe uhlobo esingalufuniyo.
UFernanda Trías (00:24):
Sonke sinethemba lokuba isayensi iya kuza kwaye isisindise kwintlekele kunye nesiphithiphithi esiyenzileyo, kwaye asiyiyo indlela eza kusebenza ngayo.
UPaul Shrivastava (00:32):
Namhlanje ndithetha noFernanda Trías, umbhali wenoveli waseUruguay kunye nombhali webali elifutshane. Ukwangumhlohli kubhalo loyilo eUniversidad de los Andes eBogotá. Incwadi yakhe, Isilayidi esiPinki, yaqatshelwa njengeyona ncwadi ibalaseleyo ngumbhali obhinqileyo kwilizwe elithetha iSpanish. Sixoxe ngokuphefumlelwa kwakhe, nokuba idystopian ukoyikisa kunokuzisa utshintsho, kunye nokubaluleka kokuhlanganisa ubugcisa kunye nesayensi. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyonwabele.
Wamkelekile, Fernanda. Enkosi kakhulu ngokuzimanya nathi kolu ngcelele lwepodcast. Ndingathanda ukuqala ngokukubuza ukuba unokuthetha kancinci malunga nemvelaphi yakho kunye nobudlelwane bakho nesayensi.
UFernanda Trías (01:24):
Ewe, eneneni, ndiphuma kusapho apho isayensi kunye nobugcisa bezisoloko zidibene. Utata wayeligqirha. Ngokomzekelo, ndikhule ndidlala kwipaseji ezibhedlele, yaye utata wayethetha ngomzimba womntu, yaye oko kwakubangel’ umdla kum. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ndandithanda abantu, ngoko ndagqiba ekubeni ndifundele abantu. Ndasebenza iminyaka emininzi njengomguquleli, kodwa ndasebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwiincwadi zonyango. Ekuguquleleni, ndifumene indlela yokuba nazo zombini, ngokufanelekileyo, kwelinye icala, iilwimi endizithandayo kwaye, kwelinye icala, ndinokwenza uphando, ndifunde.
UPaul Shrivastava (02:07):
Iyamangalisa. Incwadi yakho entsha enika umdla eguqulelwayo, Isilayidi esiPinki, ukuya kwisiNgesi - ngaba ungasixelela kancinci malunga nomxholo jikelele wencwadi kunye nendlela othetha ngayo ngesayensi kunye nombutho wesayensi kulo msebenzi?
UFernanda Trías (02:23):
Ngokwenyani, i-pink slime yenye yezinto endazifumanisayo xa ndandisenza iinguqulelo zonyango. Kule noveli ye-dystopian, kuye kwakho intlekele yokusingqongileyo, kwaye ndacinga, ke, makhe sicinge ilizwe apho into ekufuneka bondle abantu yile ntlama ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-pink slime', ngokungathandekiyo. Zonke izicucu kunye nazo zonke iincinci ezincinci kunye neziqwenga zezidumbu, imfuyo, ishushu ngokwenene, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Emva koko bafakwa kwi-centrifuged ukususa amanqatha enyameni, kwaye kukho intlama epinki kakhulu, efana nentlama yamazinyo. Abalinganiswa ababini abaphambili - umbalisi ngumfazi kwaye unyamekela umntwana onesifo esinqabileyo. Enye yeempawu ezininzi enazo kukuba umntu usoloko elambile. Ingqondo ayifumani umqondiso othi, Kulungile, kwanele. Ngoko ke i-syndrome ebuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye lo mfazi unyamekela umntwana ongenakuyeka ukutya kwihlabathi apho kukho ukunqongophala kokutya, kwaye le slime epinki iyona nto yokutya ekhoyo.
UPaul Shrivastava (03:39):
Oko kunamandla kakhulu. Kwaye elinye ithemba lelokuba olu hlobo loloyiko kunye nedystopia lothusa abantu kwaye lubenze batshintshe iindlela zokuziphatha ukuze bazinze ngakumbi - nokuba kukutya kwemizimba yabo, okanye ukutshisa ikhabhoni, okanye yintoni onayo. Ngaba ucinga ukuba iintsomi zenzululwazi zinokuzisa utshintsho kwindlela yokucinga?
UFernanda Trías (04:03):
Andazi, kodwa yonke inoveli ye-dystopian iqulethe ubuncinci i-echo yenyani. Ndinoluvo lokuba, njengoluntu, siyakhanyela ngoku ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni ngotshintsho lwemozulu. Kwaye iqhelekile kuba iyoyikeka kwaye nangenxa yokuba… abantu ngabanye – asiva ngathi sinokwenza lukhulu ukutshintsha okwenzekayo. Siyakuva oku kukhathazeka, kodwa yiyo loo nto ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubugcisa buzise umbandela kwaye benze ukuba bafumaneke ebantwini kuba benza umzekelo obambekayo wento enokwenzeka. Kwaye ngequbuliso sinokucinga ngehlabathi lonke ngazo zonke ezi ziphumo, kunye neenkcukacha, kunye nokuba oku kuya kubachaphazela njani abantu abaqhelekileyo, bemihla ngemihla, kwaye yile ndlela sinokuqala ngayo ukuthetha ngale nto.
UPaul Shrivastava (05:00):
Kukho ezi ndlela zokucinga ngathi ngokwahlukileyo kwindalo, kodwa kukho enye indlela. Imbono yemveli yehlabathi kumazwe amaninzi iphelele kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya ngakumbi, ukuba siyindalo, siyinxalenye yewebhu yendalo, kwaye ukuba senza into kuyo, ibuye ibuye kwaye isichaphazele. Ngaba ubuya kucinga ukuba oko kuya kuba luncedo kwaye nokoyisa ezinye zezi ngxaki?
UFernanda Trías (05:31):
Ndiyayithanda into kaVandana Shiva, isithandi sobulumko saseIndiya, i-ecofeminist. Uthetha nge-eco-apartheid, ukuba kukho ukwahlukana phakathi kwabantu kunye nendalo iphela. Kuya kubaluleka ukuba isayensi ifunde kuloo paradigm, kuba ininzi yale mibono evela kubantu bomthonyama-apha eColombia, sibaninzi-inokuthi ithathwe njengenzululwazi encinci. Ngaloo ndlela, inzululwazi ngamanye amaxesha inokuba nekratshi, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto ndicinga ukuba indlela yokucinga ye-ecofeminist inokunceda kakhulu. Kwaye nokuba nabasetyhini abaninzi abasebenza kwisayensi kunokuzisa olo tshintsho. Kwaye ngoku eLatin America, kukho ababhali abajonge kwezi ezinye iindlela zolwazi kunye nokubhala iintsomi zesayensi ukusuka apho. Ndicinga ukuba loo nto inomdla kakhulu.
UPaul Shrivastava (06:30):
Inika umdla kakhulu. Ngaba ucinga ukuba uphuhliso lwenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe luyonakalisa iinkqubo zomhlaba, kwaye inokuba yintoni indima yentsomi yenzululwazi ekuthinteleni oko?
UFernanda Trías (06:47):
Into endiye ndizive ngamanye amaxesha kukuba inzululwazi ifana nomama olungileyo obaleka ngasemva komntwana owonakeleyo owenza umonakalo endlwini. Kwaye umama uleqa ngasemva echola nje izinto zokudlala, akunjalo? Ke isayensi ngoku ngulo mnatha wokhuseleko ukuba sonke sinethemba lokuba isayensi iza kuza kwaye ifumane indlela yokusisindisa kwintlekele kunye nesiphithiphithi esiyenzileyo, kwaye ayisiyiyo indlela eza kusebenza ngayo.
Ukuba sithatha imeko yokutya, umzekelo, kukho uqikelelo lokuba iplanethi iya kufuna ukuvelisa ukutya okungaphezulu kwama-60% ngo-2050 ukugcina ukwanda kwabemi behlabathi. Oko kuya kuba nzima ngokwenene. Kukho izinto ezintsha zesayensi esele zisiya kwelo cala, ukucinga, ke, singaziguqula njani izityalo okanye imbewu ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu? Kodwa ke ukuba ucinga ngako, malunga nama-30% okutya okuveliswa emhlabeni ngoku kulahlekile okanye kumoshakele, kwaye kuhambisana ne-capitalism, kunjalo. Ke into esiyifunayo lutshintsho. Inzululwazi yentsomi iyasinceda, nokuba ayizisi sisombululo, kunjalo, kodwa inceda ekuphononongeni ingxaki kwaye iyanceda ukubuza umbuzo.
UPaul Shrivastava (08:01):
Inqaku othetha ngalo malunga nobugcisa okanye amabali abumba umbuzo - oku kuya kumbindi wento abanye abantu abayibiza ngokuba luphando lwezenzululwazi, apho uphando lwenziwa ngokubambisana nabachaphazelekayo.
UFernanda Trías (08:17):
Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukudibanisa, uyazi, ubuntu kunye nesayensi. Kuba iingxaki esijongene nazo ngoku ziphalala kwimida nakwimimandla yolwazi. Ke sithatha utshintsho lwemozulu, ayingomba wendalo nje. Nasiphi na isigqibo sinempembelelo enkulu kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Kufuneka sicinge ngeemfuno zoluntu ngalunye ngokomxholo walo phambi kokuba siphumeze nantoni na esifuna ukuyiphumeza. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ukuba kuya kusebenza njani kuluntu kunye naloo mingeni.
UPaul Shrivastava (08:53):
Ngoko le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu. Umba wokwenziwa kwendawo, hayi nje ukubambelela kwizisombululo ngokubanzi, kodwa ukuziqhelanisa nemeko yenkcubeko yendawo. Eso sisitshixo sesisombululo, kwaye kum, kwakhona, ngandlel’ ithile ngaphandle kommandla wenzululwazi yesiqhelo. Ngawaphi amacebiso onokuba nawo ukuze izazinzulu zibandakanyeke kolu hlobo lweziphumo?
UFernanda Trías (09:21):
Le ngcamango yokuba uphando lwenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa bohlukene buxhaphake kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ndicinga ukuba banezinto ezininzi ezifanayo kunokuba sicinga ngenxa yokuba bobabini bafuna ukwazi kunye nokuzimisela ukuxhuma kwiingcamango ezijongela kude.
UPaul Shrivastava (09:40):
Ukudibanisa amachaphaza ukwenza ipateni enkulu. Kwaye oku, kum, intshukumo yobugcisa. Ayilonyathelo lenzululwazi.
UFernanda Trías (09:49):
Ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba mhlawumbi izazinzulu ezibalaseleyo zezo zinalo hlobo lokucinga, uyazi, le ngqondo yokudala. Ubuchule yinto engeyiyo nje yabantu abathile abangamagcisa. Sonke singabantu abanobuchule. Ndithe xa ndiqala wri… ndicinga ngenoveli eyayiza kubakho kamva Isilayidi esiPinki, ndandinezinto ezithile ezazibonakala zinganxulumananga kwaphela. Umzekelo, i-slime epinki yintlama, umntwana onesi sifo… Oku kufana, uyazi, njengokupakisha, kodwa kum njengombhali, kufuneka ndiyithembe le intuition. Bendiyazi ukuba bebekunye. Ndandingazi ukuba njani.
UPaul Shrivastava (10:33):
Enkosi ngokumamela le podcast kwiZiko leBhunga lezeNzululwazi laMazwe ngaMazwe ngekamva leSayensi elenziwe ngokubambisana ne-Arthur C. Clarke Centre for Human Imagination e-UC San Diego tyelela i-futures.council.science ukufumanisa umsebenzi ongakumbi weZiko leSayensi leFutures. Igxininisa kwiindlela ezivelayo kwisayensi kunye neenkqubo zophando kwaye ibonelela ngeenketho kunye nezixhobo zokwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi olungcono.
UPaul Shrivastava, uNjingalwazi woLawulo kunye neMibutho kwiYunivesithi yasePennsylvania State, ubambe uchungechunge lwepodcast. Usebenza ngokukodwa ekuphunyezweni kweeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo. I-podcast nayo yenziwa ngokubambisana ne-Arthur C. Clarke Centre for Human Imagination kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego.
Le projekthi yajongwa ngu Mathieu Denis kwaye iqhutywa UDong Liu, isuka e Iziko lekamva leNzululwazi, itanki yokucinga ye-ISC.
Ifoto esuka UPatrick Perkins on Unsplash.
isikhanyeli
Ulwazi, izimvo kunye neengcebiso ezinikwe kwiiblogi zethu zeendwendwe zezo zabaxhasi ngabanye, kwaye azibonakalisi iinqobo kunye neenkolelo zeBhunga lezeNzululwazi lamazwe ngamazwe.
Funda okungakumbi malunga nePodcast yeSayensi yeDiplomat: Sir Peter Gluckman malunga neengcebiso zeSayensi, ukuthembana, kunye nemida yobungqina 
Funda ngakumbi ngeSayensi ngaphandle kwemida: Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sabaphandi 
Funda ngakumbi malunga nokuCinga ngokutsha ukukhula kunye nokomelela kwi-ecosystem yophando 